Modeling teeth using various techniques using modern composite materials

Anatomical modeling according to Schultz

The basic principle of the technology is the division of each tooth into segments.

Anatomical modeling involves creating wax models of teeth that respect natural morphology. The main attention is paid to those elements that are involved in closing the jaws (occlusion). The basic principle of this technique is to divide each tooth into segments and accurately reproduce them on a wax model. Work on creating models of anterior teeth is carried out according to the following algorithm :

1. Applying a separation agent to the plaster stump, then placing a polymer cap on it.
2. Marking the edge of the cap with wax in a contrasting color.
3. Modeling of cones on a plaster stump, the dimensions of which are based on the parameters of adjacent teeth.
4. Applying wax along the incisal edge and checking for correct function in the articulator.
5. Creation of models of convex medial and distal ridges.
6. Checking the inclination of the teeth relative to the distal edge.
7. Removing excess wax along the edges.

Using a similar algorithm, models of teeth of other groups are recreated, taking into account their natural features and functions.

Possibilities of artistic dental restoration and its price

Thanks to innovative technologies, modern dentistry makes it possible to eliminate defects such as:

• cracks and chips;
• large distance between teeth;
• uneven tooth shape;
• flaws and darkening of enamel, etc.

Of course, every patient who turns to us for help is concerned with the question of how much artistic tooth restoration costs. A specialist will be able to answer this only after examining and diagnosing the condition of the oral cavity. Moreover, doctors of related specialties may be involved for consultation. The dentists of our clinic are highly qualified and constantly work to improve their professional skills, undergoing internships in Germany and the USA.

Lomiashvili teeth modeling

The author of the technique is Larisa Lomiashvili, who developed the technology of modular modeling using the direct method, that is, directly in the oral cavity. The main principle is the most accurate reproduction of natural forms, especially for the teeth of the upper jaw, which are the most difficult for the dentist due to difficult access.

Lomiashvili's textbook gives a detailed description

This technique makes it possible to model a tooth directly in the oral cavity.

features of the anatomical structure of all teeth, with tubercles, depressions, ridges, grooves. The restoration of this building is carried out using modular technology. A composite material of the same shape, but in a larger volume, is applied to the central module. Thus, filling the free space of the tooth is carried out according to the “matryoshka” principle, when larger forms absorb smaller ones.

In this case, it is not necessary to use one material. Various composites can be used, differing, among other things, in color, to achieve maximum identity with a natural tooth. When using this technology, it is always possible to correct the shortcomings of the previous layer with the subsequent one.

Methods of artistic modeling and restoration

There are two methods of artistic restoration of teeth - direct and indirect.

In the case of direct restoration, light-curing filling materials are used, and the work itself is carried out by a dental therapist in the patient’s oral cavity.

At the preparatory stage, a number of activities are carried out: hygienic cleaning of teeth, selection of the color of filling material, administration of anesthesia. At the second stage, the preparation of damaged or defective teeth is carried out. Next, if there is such a need, the doctor fixes fiberglass pins in the root canals. The last stage is the actual artistic restoration of teeth: a dental crown is modeled from composite materials, which is then ground and polished.

With the indirect method, both composite and ceramics can be used, and the microprosthesis itself is manufactured in the laboratory. The first two stages are broadly the same as those described above, and then impressions are taken of the ground teeth. Using these impressions, the dental technician creates orthopedic products, which are fixed on the patient’s teeth at the next appointment.

Artistic modeling and restoration of teeth using the indirect method, as a rule, gives a better result in terms of aesthetics, strength and durability.

Vetchinkin method

The author of another technique aimed at solving issues of functional occlusion coupled with the aesthetics of the dentition is Anton Vetchinkin. He created a technology called “Aesthetic foundations for the formation of teeth,” which is based on three principles of bionics (the science of connections and patterns in living nature):

1. The law of the cone, which implies that the stability of objects is provided by two multidirectional forces - the force of growth and the force of gravity, which balance each other.
2. Law of the logarithmic spiral. The strength of natural objects is ensured by the fact that their structure experiences twisting (shells are an example).
3. The law of differentiation of form, according to which individual objects can achieve greater efficiency in their development by combining into complex systems.

Expert opinion. Dentist Verbitsky A.L.: “ The author of the technique proposes to use these laws of bionics when modeling artificial teeth. Thus, the listed principles make it possible to determine control points and lines of the future model and thereby recreate the shape of the tooth as accurately as possible. Thus, auxiliary landmarks are added to the points that are already used in the practice of dental technicians (medial and distal edges and others).

Methods of artistic modeling and restoration

There are two methods of artistic restoration of teeth - direct and indirect.

In the case of direct restoration, light-curing filling materials are used, and the work itself is carried out by a dental therapist in the patient’s oral cavity.

At the preparatory stage, a number of activities are carried out: hygienic cleaning of teeth, selection of the color of filling material, administration of anesthesia. At the second stage, the preparation of damaged or defective teeth is carried out. Next, if there is such a need, the doctor fixes fiberglass pins in the root canals. The last stage is the actual artistic restoration of teeth: a dental crown is modeled from composite materials, which is then ground and polished.

With the indirect method, both composite and ceramics can be used, and the microprosthesis itself is manufactured in the laboratory. The first two stages are broadly the same as those described above, and then impressions are taken of the ground teeth. Using these impressions, the dental technician creates orthopedic products, which are fixed on the patient’s teeth at the next appointment.

Artistic modeling and restoration of teeth using the indirect method, as a rule, gives a better result in terms of aesthetics, strength and durability.

3D modeling

3D modeling technology allows you to create a three-dimensional model of the jaws.

Modern technologies have firmly established themselves in dentistry. One of them is 3D modeling, with which you can create three-dimensional models of jaws. For this, a so-called three-dimensional tomograph is used, consisting of a computer itself and a scanner.

The scanner continuously takes pictures over a certain period of time and transfers them to the computer. Thanks to them, the doctor can determine not only the structural features of the jaws, but also the location of blood vessels, nerves, and maxillary sinuses. In this case, there is no need to make casts and impressions: based on the information received, the doctor can create a three-dimensional model of the future structure on the computer screen in a few minutes.

The information obtained is transmitted to a special milling machine, which automatically grinds the prosthesis. The technology is used for the restoration of both anterior and chewing teeth: thanks to the high precision of the method, it is possible to achieve ideal functional occlusion. Using 3D modeling, prosthetics, ceramic crowns, and veneers can be made.

Despite the introduction of high technologies into dentistry, the work of a dental technician continues to remain not only a craft with precision calculations and honed skills, but also an art. It is not without reason that it is believed that technicians are a kind of sculptors, artists who create real works of art in the form of beautiful smiles of patients.

Stages of dental restoration

Artistic restoration and modeling of teeth

Artistic modeling and restoration of teeth make it possible to restore damaged dental tissues using artificial materials. For this purpose, composite filling compounds or special overlays – veneers – can be used. The procedure allows you to fully restore the correct shape, aesthetic appearance and chewing functions of the tooth. Thanks to the use of modern technologies, discomfort for the patient is minimal. Artistic dental restoration in Moscow is performed at a first-class professional level by experienced dentists working in clinics of the Medline-Service network.

Prices

Buy Artistic modeling and restoration of teeth, L. M. Lomiashvili, L. G. Ayupova

Artistic modeling and restoration of teeth

The book presents materials from the scientific and practical activities of the authors on the problem of modeling dental crowns and artistic restoration. The publication demonstrates original methodological approaches used in restoring lost teeth, taking into account knowledge of the clinical anatomy of the human dentofacial apparatus. The manual consists of 4 chapters and appendices. The first three chapters of the book outline the principles and methodological approaches for modeling various groups of teeth. An odontoscopy algorithm is presented that allows one to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of teeth, and odontometric methods are presented. Chapter 4 reflects the clinical application of the basics of artistic modeling. This section provides a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of restoration methods. Using various clinical examples, the features and methods of restoring teeth and dentition are discussed. The authors’ great desire to combine information on anatomy, physiology, modeling and restoration of teeth in clinical dentistry led to the creation of a sufficient amount of illustrative material (over 1000 color drawings). The new edition has significantly expanded the clinical part of the manual. The principles of teeth modeling are presented, the relationship between the shape of teeth and the function of the dentofacial apparatus is considered. A systematic approach to artistic dental modeling is presented.

The book is intended for students of dental faculties of higher medical educational institutions, students of dental technical departments of medical colleges, and can also be used by dentists, teachers of dental faculties, and dental technicians in practical work.

If you have not read “Artistic Modeling and Dental Restoration,” you can purchase it in the following stores:

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Direct full restoration

The advantage of direct artistic restoration of a tooth is the ability to restore its functions and shape in one visit to the dentist. The procedure is also minimally invasive. Modeling and restoration of destroyed dental tissues is performed directly in the patient’s oral cavity. Indications for direct restoration are:

the need to change the shape of fangs and incisors; the presence of chips and cracks in the enamel; the need to restore the position of the crowns by extension; change in tooth shade.

Materials

Composite filling materials are used to model and restore dental tissues. They are selected taking into account the shade of the patient's enamel in order to provide the necessary aesthetic effect. Composite materials have such advantages as affordability, speed of production, and ease of adjusting the shape of teeth restored with their help. Pins can also be used during restoration. They are made from various metals (titanium, silver, etc.).

Stages

Preparation. Before starting the restoration, the doctor removes plaque and stone; if there is caries, the affected tissue is drilled out. If necessary, anesthesia is performed. The tooth to be restored is isolated from saliva and wet breath. Selection of material . For this purpose, a special scale is used to determine the color of the patient’s enamel. In accordance with it, the doctor selects a composite material of the appropriate shade for extensions. Restoration of dental tissues . If a tooth is destroyed by 50% or more, a pin is installed in the root canal before restoration. Then layer-by-layer application of the composite material is performed. Final simulation. The tooth is ground to the desired shape, then its surface is ground and polished.

Methods of artistic modeling and restoration

There are two methods of artistic restoration of teeth - direct and indirect.

In the case of direct restoration, light-curing filling materials are used, and the work itself is carried out by a dental therapist in the patient’s oral cavity.

At the preparatory stage, a number of activities are carried out: hygienic cleaning of teeth, selection of the color of filling material, administration of anesthesia. At the second stage, the preparation of damaged or defective teeth is carried out. Next, if there is such a need, the doctor fixes fiberglass pins in the root canals. The last stage is the actual artistic restoration of teeth: a dental crown is modeled from composite materials, which is then ground and polished.

With the indirect method, both composite and ceramics can be used, and the microprosthesis itself is manufactured in the laboratory. The first two stages are broadly the same as those described above, and then impressions are taken of the ground teeth. Using these impressions, the dental technician creates orthopedic products, which are fixed on the patient’s teeth at the next appointment.

Artistic modeling and restoration of teeth using the indirect method, as a rule, gives a better result in terms of aesthetics, strength and durability.

Indirect full restoration

When performing artistic restoration of teeth using the indirect method, pre-fabricated individual microprostheses are used - veneers, inlays, crowns. Their modeling is carried out in a dental laboratory. Due to the multi-stage nature of the restoration, you will need to visit the dentist at least twice. Indications for tooth restoration are:

significant destruction of the coronal part; large chips of the cutting edge; unaesthetic appearance after caries treatment.

Indirect artistic restoration of anterior teeth is often prescribed to restore/correct the shape of a group of incisors. The procedure allows you to eliminate various functional and aesthetic defects: chipped cutting edges, enlarged interdental spaces, discoloration of enamel.

Materials

To restore dental tissues, microprostheses made of metal, ceramics, and metal-ceramics are used. These materials are superior in strength and abrasion resistance to composite compounds used to restore dental tissue using the direct method. After removing a large amount of hard tissue during caries treatment, the dentist may recommend a restoration using ceramic inlays as an alternative to prosthetics.

Stages

Preparation . At your first visit to the dentist, the doctor will determine the type of structure suitable for restoring the shape of the tooth and, if necessary, draw up a treatment plan. Then the specialist will make an impression from which a microprosthesis will be made. Making veneers or inlays . Modeling of the structure is carried out taking into account the shape and shade of the dental tissues in contact with it. The production of microprostheses is carried out by a dental technician. Installation of a microprosthesis . During the second visit to the dentist, the doctor fixes the finished structures on the surface of the tooth using a special compound.

Modeling teeth using various techniques using modern composite materials

Other articles

Professor L.M. Lomiashvili, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of Department Associate Professor L.Yu. Zolotova, Candidate of Medical Sciences Assistant S.G. Mikhailovsky Assistant D.V. Pogadaev Student E.G. Tkach Student A.G. MOOC Resident Doctor V.V. Logunov Resident Doctor K.K. Gritsenko

Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the State Medical University (Omsk) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Summary. Achieving a high-quality result when restoring lost hard dental tissues is possible only if a harmonious combination of shape, color and functional characteristics of the restorations is ensured. Changes in color parameters were studied using various combinations of dentin and enamel shades of the Estelux NK nanohybrid material (StomaDent, Russia). A comparison of the resulting restorations with the VITA 3D-Master color chart showed that by sequentially adding certain shades of a given thickness, it is possible to create an anatomical shape of the tooth crown with varying degrees of brightness, saturation, and tone. Perceiving and analyzing color is a skill that can be learned and then improved with practice. The cooperation of manufacturers, teachers, and clinicians contributes to solving current issues, including the reproduction of the natural harmonious beauty of teeth using artificial materials.

Key words: restoration technique; modeling; color options; transparency; nanocomposite

A high-quality result when restoring lost hard dental tissues is possible only if a harmonious combination of shape, color and functional characteristics of restorations is ensured [2, 4, 7, 8]. Translated from Greek, “harmony” means integrity, unity, “the interaction of all parts and elements of the form, that is, it is considered as an aesthetic category. Animated harmony, filled with human meaning and feeling, is called beauty. A piece of sculptural clay begins to come to life as it forms the delicate silhouette of a child or the courageous profile of a warrior. It is the harmony of forms that occupies a leading place in the concept of beauty. The harmony of color seems to fade into the background. It would seem, what is special about a piece of clay that has a uniform structure and a single color? How can he attract attention? At what point does clay come to life in our hands?

Of course, the overall outline of the object is initially set, then priorities are set in relation to the whole to the particular, and then the microrelief of the surfaces is drawn. The more the surface is differentiated, the more we receive light rays reflected from it. The clay comes to life when the process of surface differentiation is completed. The reflection of light from many intertwined faces makes it possible to see the beauty of the newly created object. Famous Spanish architect of the 19th century. Antonio Gaudi said: “Light is the main architect.”

All these intricacies of craftsmanship are taught to students of art and graphic faculties, but, unfortunately, the process of restoring harmony remains a secret for dentists. But it is in the 21st century, having mastered modern technologies, that members of the professional dental community can afford to create harmony in the dental system and get closer to aesthetic dentistry. The right to see, realize and reproduce the harmony of teeth and dentition currently belongs to both dentists and their colleagues, dental technicians [4]. For this purpose, dental restoration materials are constantly being improved, and students and doctors are continuously trained to work in compliance with the rules of art.

It has been noted that the size, shape of teeth and their proportional relationship in the dentition are the main aesthetic parameters in dentistry [2, 4, 7]. According to many authors, when creating aesthetic restorations, it is necessary to take into account (in descending order): shape, transparency, saturation, surface texture, brightness of the enamel layer, individual characteristics, shade [6]. Recreating each parameter requires doctors to know the anatomy of teeth, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material used, the optical properties of hard dental tissues, and the peculiarities of color perception by a visual analyzer [1, 2, 8].

Accurate visual reproduction of the color of a restoration is not an easy task. To facilitate color determination, many ready-made colors are offered to help the practitioner. The selection of shade depends on the dentist’s ability to sense the differences in tooth color and shade patterns. The main criteria for color are brightness, saturation, hue.

Tone (according to Munsel) is the quality with which we can distinguish one color from another. For example, red from yellow. Brightness is the lightness of the object being studied: the darker the tooth, the less brightness it is. Saturation is the intensity, concentration of a certain tone. When choosing the color of teeth in practice, the difference in brightness (lightness) is the most important, and the difference in tone is the least important. A small hue mismatch is not as noticeable as even a minimal luminance mismatch [1].

When choosing a color, a number of important conditions must be observed [6, 8]. Color perception and analysis is a skill that can be learned and then improved with practice [1, 3, 5].

Goal of the work

Improving the process of teaching teeth modeling by developing the skill of analyzing the color of the resulting restorations from different combinations of dentin and enamel shades of the nanohybrid material “Estelux NK” (StomaDent, Russia).

Materials and methods

Determination and analysis of the color of the resulting restorations on phantom teeth (incisor, canine) was carried out using the VITA System 3D-Master scale.

The technique consisted of several stages.

1. Determination of brightness (lightness). In the scale, color standards are divided into five brightness groups - from 1 to 5. The higher the number, the darker the color.

2. Determination of color intensity (saturation). Each group is divided into subgroups: M - medium shade, L - more yellow, R - more red. Saturation was determined by the average hue M in the selected group. All standards on the M bar are of the same color tone and lightness, but differ in intensity and are coded with a numerical value.

3. Determination of tone. In the same brightness subgroup, the hue is adjusted if necessary, that is, code L or R is selected (Fig. 1).

Results and its discussion

Initially, reconstruction of the canine of the phantom tooth was performed with one dentin shade DA3 of the Estelux NK nanohybrid composite (Fig. 2). The color of the resulting restoration was closest to the color code 3M2. The shape of the crown part of the tooth really matches the canine, but the color is perceived as lifeless and does not cause aesthetic satisfaction. Shade DA3 is intended to restore the “dentin mass” in the cervical region of the crown of the tooth and in the future it is expected to cover it with “enamel mass”. However, there are patients with a fairly rich yellow color of the coronal part, the absence of zones of transparency, and a filling material with a shade of DA3 may be the only one (the first and the last), if it suits the patient.

Depending on the wishes and capabilities of the patient and the qualifications of the doctor, the material can be used both in the MONO method and in multi-layer restoration.

To study the transparency, possible changes in brightness, and saturation of the Estelux NK composite material, a complete restoration of the crown part of the phantom tooth was carried out using a “silicone key” and layer-by-layer introduction of a combination of different shades of enamel and dentin of the same thickness in all samples.

Stages of working with Estelux NK when restoring the coronal part of a tooth using layer-by-layer application of material

1. Restoration of the palatal wall using a “silicone key”, layer EA3 (Fig. 3). The thickness in the area of ​​the cutting edge was 0.5 mm, in the area of ​​the neck - 1.2 mm.

2. Application of opaque saturated dentin shade DA3.5 in the form of mamelons with a thickness of 2.2 mm in the area of ​​the tooth neck and 1.5 mm in the body area. This layer is absent in the upper third of the crown (Fig. 4). If the thickness of this layer increases, the restoration may appear grey.

3. Next, the dentin shade DA3 was applied, repeating the relief of the underlying layer. The thickness was 0.4 mm in the area of ​​the tooth neck, 1.8 mm in the body area, gradually thinning towards the cutting edge (Fig. 5). The inner layer, which replenishes dentin, determines the saturation, dullness, fluorescence and tone (color) of the future restoration, and also occupies the bulk of the introduced material.

4. The last layer is enamel shade EA3 (Fig. 6).

The restoration made with shades EA3, DA3.5, DA3, EA3, according to the VITA System 3D-Master scale, corresponded to the 3R 2.5 coding (3 - brightness: the darkest of all shade combination options, R - in tone closer to a reddish tint, cm Fig. 6).

The restoration made with shades EA3, DA3, DA2, EA3 was assigned code 2M 3 (Fig. 7), that is, it was brighter than the restoration made with shades EA3, DA3.5, DA3, EA3.

When restoring the coronal part of the canine with Estelux NK material using only two lighter shades (DUO) - enamel EA2 and dentin DA2 - the resulting brightness result corresponded to group 2, medium shade with the letter M, degree of saturation 2 (2M2) on the VITA scale 3D-Master (Fig. 8).

The combination of three shades EA2, DA3, DA2, EA2 with layer-by-layer application of Estelux NK made it possible to obtain a restoration that was also close to 2M2 according to the VITA 3D-Master scale (Fig. 9-11).

To study the effect of the thickness of the applied filling material on the brightness and saturation of phantom teeth, direct veneers were made from the Estelux NK nanocomposite material by layer-by-layer application of the material in various combinations of enamel and dentin shades:

1) DA3 + DA2 + EA2

2) MONO DA3

3) DUO DA3 + EA3

4) DA3.5 + DA3 + EA3.

The thickness of the introduced layers was also controlled using a micrometer. Measurements were taken in the cervical area, in the middle part and in the area of ​​the cutting edge of the tooth. The color was determined in the middle part of the tooth, where a slight thickness of the enamel layer was noted, using the VITA 3D-Master shade scale.

Stages of working with Estelux NK material in the manufacture of veneers

1. Phantom teeth (incisor and canine) were prepared for veneer using a marking bur to an equivalent depth (Fig. 12).

2. After adhesive preparation, the first layer of composite is added - dentin shade DA3 with the simultaneous formation of mamelons, then shade DA2 (Fig. 13).

3. An enamel shade has been added (see Fig. 3).

Dentin layer DA3 of Estelux nanocomposite

NK", introduced into the cervical area, and the DA2 layer, replenishing dentin to 1/2 of the volume, created the basis of the restoration. A layer of EA2 enamel with a minimum thickness in the area of ​​the tooth neck and the greatest thickness in the area of ​​the cutting edge modified the final color, imparted brightness and transparency. This layer formed the relief of the vestibular surface of the tooth (Fig. 14).

Analysis of veneers made by the direct method from the Estelux NK nanocomposite material using various combinations of enamel and dentin shades showed that the veneer looked brighter (lighter) when using shades DA3 + DA2 + EA2. It corresponded to the sample with code 1M2. The veneer made with a combination of layers DA3.5, DA3, EA3, code 3R (Table 1) was more saturated (the color is more intense).

The veneer made using the MONO technique (DA3) turned out to be less attractive. In this case, there was no transparency of the restoration. On the contrary, in samples where enamel shades were used, transparency was well visualized. An excellent shine of the filling material after polishing was noted.

The nanohybrid structure of the filler ensures the strength characteristics of the material. The specific gravity of the fill indicator with inorganic filler is 82%. The advantage of such a high degree of filling should be a clinically significant reduction in polymerization shrinkage of the composite and an increase in the hardness of its surface. The introduction of an antimicrobial additive into the Estelux NK composite makes it possible to prevent the development of secondary caries.

Taking into account these characteristics, crowns were made using the indirect method for teeth 26 and 27 from the Estelux NK composite with the crowns reinforced with Glasspan fiberglass tape. This method was chosen as an alternative restoration option - a temporary restoration for a long time.

Clinical case

Patient K., 51 years old, came to the clinic.

Complaints: destruction of the crown part of tooth 26.

From the anamnesis: tooth 26 was previously covered with a restorative crown.

Objectively: the coronal part of tooth 26 is made of GIC, after removing the old filling, probing at the mouths of the root canals is painless, percussion is painless, the tooth is motionless. On the intraoral radiograph of tooth 26, foci of bone tissue destruction are visualized in the area of ​​the apexes of the buccal roots, the lumen of the root canals is narrowed, intermittent, the radiological shadow corresponding to the filling material is not detected in the lumen of the root canals.

In tooth 27, no changes in the periapical tissues are detected; the periodontal gap can be traced throughout. EOM 14 µA (Table 2).

When working with this material, its good handling properties, ability to retain its shape, and good adaptation to hard dental tissues were noted.

Table 1. Various options for color combinations of veneers made with Estelux NK shades using the layer-by-layer method

conclusions

Thus, knowing the algorithm of actions, the sequence of introducing certain shades, a given thickness, it is possible to create the anatomical shape of a tooth crown with varying degrees of brightness, saturation, and tone from the Estelux NK nanohybrid material.

Few people master the art of choosing colors, but this can be learned and then improved in further work. The first steps, the basis of knowledge about choosing colors, are laid in practical classes. According to the Federal State Educational Standard, after graduating from a university, a graduate has the right to work independently, without an additional postgraduate educational certificate. In this regard, it is very important to improve the learning process, to set the goal of intellectual, manual and aesthetic education of the student.

Table 2. Stages of preparing teeth 26 and 27 for indirect restoration of the coronal part with the Estelux NK material

The joint work of manufacturers, teachers, and clinicians can lead to solving pressing issues in aesthetic dentistry, including the reproduction of the natural harmonious beauty of teeth and dentition using modern artificial materials.

Coordinates for contacting the authors: +7, [email protected] - Lomiashvili Larisa Mikhailovna, Zolotova Lyudmila Yurievna, Mikhailovsky Sergey Gennadievich, Pogadaev Dmitry Vladimirovich, Tkach Ekaterina Gennadievna, Mook Anastasia Gennadievna, Logunov Vitaly Vladimirovich, Gritsenko Ksenia Konstantinovna

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Goldstein R. Aesthetic dentistry. — M.: STBOOK, 2003, 492 p.

2. Lomiashvili L.M., Ayupova L.G., Mikhailovsky S.G. et al. The art of modeling and restoration of teeth. — Omsk: Polygraph, 2014, 436 p.

3. Lomiashvili L.M., Zolotova L.Yu., Zolotov A.N. Experience of using interactive teaching methods at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of Omsk State Medical Academy as part of the implementation of the third generation Federal State Educational Standard.//Professional competence of a medical university teacher as a condition for improving the quality of education.//Sb. materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical. conf. with international participation. — Omsk: OGMU, 2014, p. 168-172.

4. Lomiashvili L.M., Sedelnikov V.V., Postolaki A.I. From unity to diversity of forms in nature. — DentArt, 2015, No. 178, p. 58-66.

5. Lopanova E.V., Lomiashvili L.M. Medical teacher training university to the formation of communicative competence of a dentist. — Dentistry, 2015, No. 5, p. 76-79.

6. Manauta J., Salad A. Layers. Atlas of layer-by-layer composite restorations. — M.: Azbuka, 2014, 444 p.

7. Mikhailovsky S.G., Lomiashvili L.M., Pogadaev D.V. Methodological approaches to the process of developing aesthetic skills among dentists. modeling in dentistry. - Cathedra - Department. Dental Education, 2015, No. 52, p. 38-42.

8. Ryakhovsky A.N. Shape and color in aesthetic dentistry. - M.: Avantis, 2008, 208 p.

Features of partial restoration

Front teeth. Involves partial correction of the shape and shade of incisors and canines. This artistic restoration of the front teeth is used for minor damage as a result of trauma or carious lesions. Most often, in this case, it is important to eliminate various aesthetic defects that become noticeable when smiling, so it is especially important to choose the right composite material in shade.

Chewing teeth. Correcting their shape requires no less attention than when working with incisors and canines. When restoring these teeth, it is important to accurately reproduce the shape of the cutting edge and surface microrelief. This is important for maintaining chewing function and proper bite.

To learn more about the modeling and restorative techniques used, consult your dentist. To make an appointment at a clinic in the Medline-Service network, call the phone number indicated at the top of the page.

Indications for artistic dental restoration

Artistic modeling and restoration of teeth may be recommended in the following cases:

• congenital abnormalities in the appearance or position of teeth;
• acquired color change due to bad habits, taking certain medications, etc.;
• enamel diseases (hypoplasia, fluorosis);
• chips of various locations;
• age-related abrasion;
• large space between the front teeth;
• the presence of old, unaesthetic fillings.

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Restoration of anterior teeth (front teeth extension)

Patient : Woman, 1986

Propaedeutics of dental diseases - Skorikova L. A., Volkov V. A., Bazhenova N. P.

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Indications for artistic dental restoration

Artistic modeling and restoration of teeth may be recommended in the following cases:

• congenital abnormalities in the appearance or position of teeth;
• acquired color change due to bad habits, taking certain medications, etc.;
• enamel diseases (hypoplasia, fluorosis);
• chips of various locations;
• age-related abrasion;
• large space between the front teeth;
• the presence of old, unaesthetic fillings.

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Indications for artistic dental restoration

Artistic modeling and restoration of teeth may be recommended in the following cases:

• congenital abnormalities in the appearance or position of teeth;
• acquired color change due to bad habits, taking certain medications, etc.;
• enamel diseases (hypoplasia, fluorosis);
• chips of various locations;
• age-related abrasion;
• large space between the front teeth;
• the presence of old, unaesthetic fillings.

Artistic restoration of teeth – art in dentistry

CityDentaMed in Zhodino will provide high-quality dental restoration

Don't like the appearance of your teeth? Do not despair! Specialists of the CityDentaMed clinic in Zhodino
will help solve the problem.
With our help, you will become the owner of a snow-white smile that will attract others. Our dental clinic employs highly professional specialists
who use innovative technologies, the latest equipment and high-quality materials in their work, which guarantees the achievement of the desired result.

Dental aesthetics: is it important?

Until recently, dentists focused all their efforts on dental treatment, without attaching importance to appearance. Recently the situation has changed radically. Nowadays, the importance of dental aesthetics is not inferior to their health. Therefore, the popularity of aesthetic dental restoration

constantly growing.

Crooked dark teeth or complete absence of teeth significantly spoil the appearance and can even become an obstacle to career growth, since such a person makes a repulsive impression. But if you’ve lost a tooth, it’s chipped, or your enamel has darkened, don’t rush to give up your career. Our dentists will restore the dentition and give it a natural color.

Innovations in dentistry

Modern dentistry is developing rapidly. Innovative developments are constantly emerging that contribute to better dental restoration. At CityDentaMed

All restoration work is carried out using ultra-modern materials, which include
Filtek, Voca, Gradia
. We purchase materials from the manufacturer without resorting to intermediaries. Thanks to this, we work without extra charges, which significantly reduces the cost of our services. All materials used are characterized by their properties and operating principle, which does not prevent them from creating the perfect smile.

In our work, we use an individual approach, which helps to achieve the most optimal result – natural-looking teeth.

Restoring functionality

If the dental crown is damaged

, then the dentist’s task is not only to eliminate defects and give the tooth an aesthetic appearance, but also to restore chewing function. Our specialists manage to cope with all assigned tasks perfectly. In addition, all work in our dentistry is carried out at affordable prices and in the shortest possible time.

The art of teeth modeling at CityDentaMed

Dental restoration

It is called artistic for a reason.
This aesthetic procedure not only restores health to teeth, but also makes them smooth and snow-white. All work performed by our specialists is a real masterpiece. The restored tooth
is completely different from the natural one, neither in appearance nor in characteristics.
In terms of strength, it is not only not inferior to a healthy tooth, but also significantly superior to it. Restoration is carried out using photopolymers
, characterized by
high strength and resistance to wear
. Thanks to photopolymers, a snow-white smile, which previously could only be dreamed of, has become a reality.

Even with careful care, teeth constantly lose their natural color and darken. After restoration you will look more beautiful and younger. If necessary, we will give artificial teeth a darker shade so that they do not differ from natural ones. Our specialists will select the color

, optimally matching the color of your natural teeth, which will help make your smile not only attractive, but also natural.

A beautiful smile quickly and painlessly

The “Personal Doctor” dental clinic provides artistic restoration of front and side teeth at an average price. Our doctors carry out a competent selection of technology to ensure a guaranteed solution to the problem.

Therefore, if you have a toothache or are concerned about the condition of your oral cavity, come to Khodynka in Moscow. Here you will be provided with a full range of dental services. Remember that in advanced cases, artistic restoration of teeth becomes more complicated and its cost increases.

Call tel. The professionals of the Personal Doctor clinic are waiting for you!

Methodological approaches to modeling teeth from plastic materials

Completion of the formation of the external contours of the model and the equator (Fig. 5) is done by hand.

Before this stage, all actions were performed by hand (Fig. 6).

To model the chewing surface of the tooth, it is better to use tools. The first-order fissure is deepened with a spatula (Fig. 7, 8).

When modeling, there is no need to draw fissures, but it is necessary to divide the main tubercles so that an H-shaped fissure appears between them (Fig. 9).

Tools for work are chosen that are more convenient to work with: it can be a spatula, a smoothing iron. A fissure shaping tool, such as a probe, is required. 2-3 tools are enough.

After completing the work, the model can always be corrected by cutting off excess with a scalpel or spatula. The resulting tooth model can be stored for a long time, reminding of the results of the work.

PLASTIC MODELING

Plastic is another material from which you can create a beautiful tooth model. This is a fairly dense, non-sticky material that does not require special preparation for work, but it is necessary to observe the conditions for its storage: temperature changes at which the material is stored can have a negative impact on its properties. Plastic is convenient because you can work with it for an unlimited amount of time, it does not harden, which makes it possible to work out the microrelief of the future model in more detail and clearly, and make the necessary adjustments during the work.

Hardening of the material occurs when it is placed in hot water or heated to 110-120 degrees in an oven for 5-10 minutes. The possibility of long-term work and fixation of the result by heating - this is the similarity between plastic and composite. Plastic cannot be reused. Well suited for creating phantom teeth models.

The first stage of working with this material will be to warm it up in your hands and shape it into a ball, then give the overall outline of the model, determine the main surfaces of the tooth model (Fig. 16) (M - medial contact surface, D - distal contact surface, V - vestibular surface, L - lingual surface), applying markings corresponding to the first-order fissure of the F-shaped form.

On the chewing surface with a tool, spatula or trowel, according to the applied markings, a fissure of the first order is deepened, five main tubercles are identified (Fig. 17) (1 - anterior lingual, 2 - posterior lingual, 3 - anterior buccal, 4 - posterior buccal, 5 - distal ).

The equator of the 36 tooth model is also formed. The formation of second-order fissures occurs by modeling the longitudinal, medial, and distal ridges of the four main tubercles (Fig. 18-19).

The distal tubercle has a less differentiated surface (Fig. 20).

Models made of plastic can be stored for a long time; they will remind you of the results achieved in modeling.

MODELING 36 TOOTH FROM PLASTICINE: MAIN STEPS

Plasticine is perhaps the most common material; it is easily accessible and does not require special preparation for work. Having taken the required amount, just warm it up, knead it in your hands, and you can start working. Having no experience working with this material, in the first stages it is better to work without tools to feel its properties, and then create shapes using tools. After kneading, the plasticine is ready for modeling, but it does not need to be heated for long, as it becomes too soft and sticky and will not hold its shape well.

Let's consider the main stages of modeling the 36th tooth from plasticine. We give the plasticine the shape of a ball (Fig. 23).

Having outlined the main surfaces and tops of the tubercles of the future model, we deepen the first-order fissure of the F-shape. As a result, five tubercles are formed on the chewing surface (Fig. 24) (1 - anterior lingual, 2 - posterior lingual, 3 - anterior buccal, 4 - posterior buccal, 5 - distal).

Using the tool (Fig. 25), modeling of the distal ridge (B), longitudinal ridge (A), medial ridge (C), anterior lingual tubercle (1) and modeling (Fig. 26) of the medial ridge (B), longitudinal ridge ( A), distal ridge (C), posterior lingual tubercle (2).

CLINICAL CASE

The skills acquired in the process of artistic modeling help the dentist to achieve high results in his practice. Let's consider the clinical situation: tooth 36, medium dentin caries (Fig. 28).

The carious cavity of tooth 3.6 was prepared (Fig. 29).

The first portion of filling material was introduced using modular technologies by L. M. Lomiashvili (2004) (Fig. 30-31).

The second portion of filling material is added. External view of the restoration before the grinding and polishing stage (Fig. 32).

View of the restoration of tooth 3.6 after the grinding and polishing stage (Fig. 33).

Thus, the constant improvement of manual skills when working with available materials allows professionals to get closer to the natural contours of restored teeth in clinical dentistry.

Source: dentalmagazine.ru