Haunting sweetness
The sweetness that spreads in your mouth from just eating a cake is a very pleasant sensation.
But, if a person’s saliva continues to be sugary, even after herring, even after jellied meat with horseradish, it’s worth thinking about. The reasons for the appearance of a constant sweetish taste in the mouth may be: Article on the topic First Aid. How to act in case of poisoning before doctors arrive
poisoning with chemicals (for example, pesticides or phosgene) - if, in addition to a sweet taste, a person feels weak and unwell and understands that he may have had contact with poisons, he should immediately consult a doctor;
changes in carbohydrate metabolism in the body and impaired insulin production - with a lack of insulin in the blood, sugar accumulates in the blood and lymphatic fluid, penetrates into saliva and it becomes sweet. Therefore, the first thing you should do when a persistent sweet taste appears is to contact an endocrinologist and donate blood for sugar. This is how diabetes mellitus can manifest itself. A sweet and sour taste in the mouth, especially in the morning, also accompanied by frequent heartburn, often occurs with problems with the pancreas, in particular with pancreatitis;
nerve damage, including infectious and viral - take a general blood test;
stress, depression - when a person’s life is unsweetened, stress hormones begin to actively work in his body, which lead to an increase in blood glucose levels. In this case, the taste appears briefly immediately after psycho-emotional shocks;
respiratory tract infections and some dental diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa - these bacteria are capable of secreting sweet substances;
smoking – or rather, a recent cessation of this habit.
Set my teeth on edge
Frequent heartburn and sour belching often accompany pregnancy: the growing uterus puts pressure on the diaphragm, intra-abdominal pressure increases. Those who eat a lot at night also often experience a sour taste in their mouth in the morning. But if these reasons have nothing to do with it, then it is better to deal with this symptom specifically. A persistent sour taste can occur:
Article on the topic
Diagnosis by a drop of blood. Siberian scientists identify potential diseases
for diseases of the digestive tract - often this is a sign of hyperacid gastritis, which is accompanied by increased stomach acidity, or gastroesophageal reflux, as well as gastric ulcer. If, in addition to a specific taste, a person is bothered by pain in the upper abdomen, nausea after eating, heartburn, sour belching, frequent diarrhea or constipation, weakness, it is worth visiting a gastroenterologist. And in order not to guess, you need to do a gastroscopy;
in case of problems with teeth - with caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, in addition to a sour taste in the mouth, there may be toothache, swelling and bleeding of the gums. Hurry to the dentist!
What measures need to be taken
If the taste of blood occurs as a result of pathological changes in internal organs, the doctor will prescribe inpatient drug treatment depending on the disease. Drug treatment of the oral mucosa involves the use of antimicrobial solutions (Chlorhexidine, Miramistin), dental gels (Metrogil Denta, Cholisal, Kalgel), drugs that stimulate the process of tissue regeneration (Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste).
There are contraindications, you need to consult a specialist!
If suppuration occurs, you can use antibiotics, previously crushed into powder.
To quickly remove the unpleasant taste and smell, you can eat a slice of lemon or other citrus fruit. Tea with cardamom or ginger effectively copes with the metallic taste.
In order not only to get rid of the taste, but also to promote the healing of the wound surface, rinses made from plant materials are used:
- chamomile flowers;
- Oak bark;
- calendula officinalis;
- peppermint leaves;
- Salvia officinalis leaves.
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Oh, how sad I am!
Constant bitterness in the mouth occurs in those who eat too much fatty and fried foods or abuse alcohol, as well as in those who take antibiotics and allergy medications for a long time. But, if a strong bitterness in the mouth constantly bothers you, you need to rush to a gastroenterologist and do an ultrasound of the abdominal organs (liver and gall bladder). Causes of a bitter taste in the mouth:
pathologies of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract - bitter bile enters the esophagus and mouth;
chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis - this may also cause pain under the right rib, nausea and vomiting.
“Express” diagnosis: what tests are done at Health Centers
Read more
Why is our blood salty?
"AN" continues to publish a series of articles devoted to the chain of scientific discoveries of Doctor of Biological Sciences Valery Zyuganov, which led him to the creation of the elixir "Leurus Arctic Plus" (according to Article 25 of the Federal Law "On Advertising", "Leurus Arctic Plus" is not a medicine) .
WE ALREADY told you that the first object of study of the young hydrobiologist (“wet zoologist”, in the words of N.V. Timofeev-Resovsky ) was a small, inconspicuous fish, three-spined stickleback - Gasterosteus aculeatus . This fish, by chance, was given as a topic for a course work to student intern Zyuganov back in 1975 at the White Sea Biological Station of Moscow State University as a “punishment” from the head of the practice, Professor S.G. Soina for being late. I was a day late, and all the “prestigious” objects of study had already been taken apart by my classmates.
The coursework turned into a candidate's thesis, and the candidate's thesis turned into a doctorate. Valery Zyuganov described the phenomenon of physiological polymorphism in salt tolerance of three-spined stickleback sperm from the White Sea. Co-authors in the discovery and study of the physiological mechanisms of polymorphism were the author and accomplices in the “punishment” of the trainee: head of the Department of Ichthyology of Moscow State University, professor, embryologist S.G. Soin; Head of the Marine Research Laboratory of the Leningrad Zoological Institute, Director of the White Sea Biological Station, Professor, Physiologist V.V. Khlebovich and senior researcher, candidate of biological sciences, physiologist Yu.A. Labas.
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The next step in the study of stickleback polymorphism was the study of the genetics of this phenomenon.
And without water...
Why is studying the stickleback phenomenon so important?
It is known that the human body consists of 85% water and that human blood necessarily contains salts (macroelements) in a certain ratio to each other. These salts are sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, chlorine, phosphorus and sulfur ions. But few people know that ocean water contains the same ions in approximately the same ratio (because once upon a time our distant great-great-ancestors came to land from the sea).
In general, a person can live no more than 2–3 days without drinking water. But even a slight excess or deficiency of any of these ions in the body can lead to serious consequences. If you drink only distilled water (it has no ions at all), then within 3–5 days the water-salt balance and blood pH will collapse. If you drink only sea water for the same 3–5 days, the human body will die from poisoning. In both options, the ratio of ions in body fluids is quickly disrupted, the body is unable to maintain the internal constancy of biological fluids (blood, lymph, intercellular fluid) or, scientifically speaking, has failed to maintain homeostasis.
And what does stickleback have to do with it?
Not as simple as it seems
1975 The “punished” student Zyuganov walks with a net in shallow water two kilometers from the biological station in the sea bay near Lake Ershovskoye. In this place, due to the tidal cycle, the salinity of the water changes twice a day from 26 ppm to zero ppm, i.e. to fresh water. However, this change in salinity, which is fatal for any other fish, does not bother the stickleback at all - it lives calmly on its nests with eggs and does not swim away anywhere!
You may say, but salmon can live both in the sea and in the river. Maybe. But, having migrated to the river from the sea, it stops feeding due to a constriction in the esophagus, and water does not enter the body. And salmon sperm will not move in sea water, and the eggs will die there.
Therefore, the trainee constructed aquariums at the biological station, into which sea water was pumped for 6 hours, then fresh water for 6 hours. With such a shocking change in the salinity of the water, the hungry fish lived for as much as 3 months (by that time the student internship had ended, and the experiment was forced to end). Moreover, in water with dramatically changing salinity, the spermatozoa of male sticklebacks were normally activated and, as if nothing had happened, the eggs of females were fertilized and developed; prelarvae, larvae and fry developed normally.
It turns out that of the known 30 thousand species of fish in the world fauna, only the stickleback can not only live, but also reproduce in water of varying salinity! Stickleback is a world champion in terms of the effectiveness of osmoregulation. Recently, science has become aware of a stickleback population living in a salt lake in Romania with 100 g of salts per liter, and populations living in glacial lakes of the Shetland Islands (an archipelago in north-east Scotland) in almost distilled water.
What does that matter to a person?
Studying the model of polymorphism of ion channels of stickleback sperm, ichthyologist Zyuganov, in selection experiments, “split out” from crossing marine armored sticklebacks trachura with each other - descendants with leurus that did not activate sperm in sea water. Moreover, the model turned out to have a fairly simple (oligogenic) inheritance. Having carried out Mendelian crossings and obtained the offspring of 8th generation hybrids, Zyuganov established that the salt tolerance of stickleback sperm is ensured by 5 genes, two alleles in each. Salt resistance occurs only in cases where 3 or 4, or all 5 genes are mutant. For comparison: a vaguely similar model is the familiar model of the ABO (or I–IV) blood group in humans. The stickleback sperm model provides biologists with a powerful tool for studying the mechanisms of homeostasis in organisms.
Science into production!
In the 80s, a serious problem arose in the USSR - salinization of the Caspian and Aral seas, lakes Balkhash and Issyk-Kul . The ichthyofauna of brackish water bodies, which is of freshwater origin (carp, perch, goby, etc.), was declining there. At the plenums of the CPSU Central Committee, the tasks of increasing the salt tolerance of the early stages of ontogenesis of valuable commercial freshwater and anadromous (sturgeon, salmon) fish were set. The direction of inducing the desired mutations by acting on animals with chemical mutagens was considered promising.
Then Zyuganov decided to practically use his model. But how to do that? Theoretically, a cell can be converted from a freshwater spermatozoon to a marine type by mutation. And the “chief mutation officer” in the USSR at that time was Joseph Abramovich Rapoport , the legendary geneticist who discovered chemical mutagenesis. Zyuganov’s colleague at the Institute of Developmental Biology of the USSR Academy of Sciences was Rapoport’s wife, Doctor of Biological Sciences. Olga Georgievna Stroeva . She sent the young scientist to the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences , where Rapoport then worked.
After listening to the hydrobiologist, the genetics guru remembered that similar experiments had already been carried out on carp and promising mutations in the structure of fish scales were obtained. Rapoport suggested, first, setting up an experiment on mutagenesis with sticklebacks in the laboratory and selecting reagents. He recommended the use of alkylating compounds with high biological activity (so-called supermutagens), namely nitrosoethylurea (NEM) to begin with. This compound, selectively affecting the DNA of chromosomes, causes mutations. It was necessary to process caviar and sperm.
Suddenly - graduation!
When Zyuganov came to Joseph Abramovich for the 5th lesson in working with dangerous reagents, the usually cheerful and energetic Rapoport looked thoughtful:
Rapoport: Valery, I wanted to ask you, do you already have children?
Zyuganov: Yes, Joseph Abramovich, daughter.
R.: Are you planning anything else?
Z.: Well, yes!
R: You need to be very careful when mass processing fish eggs and sperm in the wild. Firstly, the average mutation rate will be low - no more than 1 fry per thousand processed eggs. By the way, under what conditions are you planning to dissolve the mutagen?
Z.: In basins on the banks of abandoned ponds in Karelia.
R.: And then where to put the poisonous solution?
Z.: I don’t know yet, I’ll come up with something...
R.: Well, well... And now the most important thing. As far as I know, the first developers of chemical mutagenesis, the American Stadler and the Englishman Auerbach, had problems with their health and offspring. You see, you will not be protected from chromosomal aberrations in your own sperm.
Z.: Joseph Abramovich! Are you serious?!
R: Exactly. Valery, you are an energetic young man. You still have to live and live. Maybe we shouldn’t rush to get salt-tolerant sturgeon? Where do you say salinization of water bodies occurs?
Z.: In Kazakhstan and the republics of Central Asia. Rivers are being diverted for irrigation.
R.: Let them sort it out more economically. Maybe we should wait a little and the problem will resolve itself? This has happened to me more than once in my life.
A few years later, the USSR collapsed. The Russian Academy of Sciences had no time for the difficulties in the former fraternal republics, and the problem, as the wise Rapoport predicted, resolved itself. And Zyuganov’s thoughts switched from mutagenesis to the problem of “symbiosis-parasitism”.
To be continued
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That's the salt!
Article on the topic
Between chocolate and cucumber. What do taste preferences indicate? Most often, saliva becomes salty if a person neglects oral hygiene or simply experiences thirst, which, by the way, may not be felt. Hidden fluid deficiency often occurs due to taking medications, drinking alcohol, coffee, tea, cola, and also due to smoking. Therefore, if you experience such sensations, brush your teeth more thoroughly and drink at least 8 glasses of clean water a day. But if this doesn’t help, you need to figure it out. The causes of a salty taste may include:
infectious and fungal diseases of the nasopharynx - for example, sinusitis: mucus that accumulates in the sinuses can drain into the mouth and cause a salty taste. In this case, consultation with an ENT specialist is necessary;
diseases of the salivary glands , which develop due to the entry of streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci into the salivary ducts. Go to the dentist!
Continued: Bad taste in the mouth, causes →
