Sloping chin: what causes it and how to fix it?

This article is devoted to the problem increasing/decreasing the chin protrusion. If you are interested in the question of how to remove a double chin, go to the article “ HOW TO REMOVE A SECOND CHIN“.

Plastic surgery methods (genioplasty or mentoplasty) are used to reduce or enlarge the chin. Chin surgery can help you not only change the size of your chin bump, but also improve its shape. As a result of this operation, you will get a more proportional and beautiful face.

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CHIN PLASTY – ANTI-AGING EFFECT

After chin augmentation surgery, almost all patients note that their face looks not only more beautiful, but also younger. Everything is very simple! The increased size of the chin protuberance compensates for the missing volume of subcutaneous tissue, thanks to which all folds of the skin are straightened, jowls and wrinkles disappear, and the skin under the chin is tightened. But it is also prevention. Let's reveal a secret - people with a small (sloping) chin age earlier and more noticeably.

Chin plastic surgery (especially augmentation mentoplasty) is popular not only among women, but also among men. After all, it’s hard to imagine a man’s face without a beautiful, strong-willed chin.

Chin surgery is often performed simultaneously with rhinoplasty. If a small chin is adjacent to a large nose (the “parrot profile” effect) or the patient does not like the predatory profile with a hooked nose and a protruding chin, a comprehensive correction can be performed. This operation is called profiloplasty. We write about complex chin and nose surgery here.

Chin augmentation can be performed either with or without an implant (due to rotation of the bony protrusion of the chin). And, of course, Dr. Kudinova can not only enlarge, but also (which is much more difficult!) reduce your chin.

Kudinova Ekaterina Sergeevna

Candidate of Medical Sciences, certificates in plastic and maxillofacial surgery. International expert in face and neck lifts, eyelid surgery, eyebrow surgery, chin surgery, etc.

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Childhood illnesses with skin rashes

Many childhood diseases are accompanied by different types of rashes - blisters, pimples, acne, multi-colored spots, types of rashes can be seen in the photo. Skin manifestations are inherent in infectious and non-infectious pathologies.

Infectious diseases

Infectious diseases develop when pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites enter the body.

Types of viral rashes

Skin rashes are one of the main signs of infectious viral childhood pathologies; for each disease, the nature of the rash, its location and time of appearance are different, which greatly simplifies the diagnosis. Diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets, nutrition, and contact.

Diseases in which viral exanthems appear:

1. Measles
   is caused by an RNA virus. A papular rash, light spots on the bridge of the nose and behind the ears become noticeable 3-4 days after infection. Gradually, the rash spreads to the face, chest and upper back, skin of the arms and legs. Additional symptoms are cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis.
2. Rubella
   is caused by togavirus. A rash in the form of small pale pink spots appears already on the first day of illness, first on the face, then moves to the sides of the torso, buttocks, arms and skin of the legs. Additional symptoms are joint pain, sleep disturbance, weakness, temperature rises to 39.5 degrees or more. The disease is most often diagnosed in children aged 6 months to 2–4 years.
3. Chickenpox
   is caused by the herpes virus type 3.4, the disease is most often diagnosed in preschool children and primary schoolchildren. Vesicles cover the face, body, and sometimes mucous membranes, but there are no vesicles on the feet and palms. The first rashes appear on the face, scalp, groin and genital area, the child is bothered by severe itching, and in children the temperature rises briefly to 38–38.5 degrees.
4. Infantile roseola
   is caused by herpes virus type 6.7. The child’s temperature rises sharply, but there are no other manifestations of disease; after 4–5 days the levels also drop sharply, and a rash appears on the body.
5. Warts and papillomas
   are small pink or brown growths that can be flat or raised above the surface of the skin. Infection with papillomavirus occurs through close contact with a sick person, but pathology develops only when cellular immunity decreases.
6. Herpes simplex
   is a viral infection in which blisters form on the mucous membrane and skin of the mouth, nose, and around the lips.
7. Infectious mononucleosis
   is caused by Coxsackie enterovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. Generalized infection is accompanied by pain in the liver and spleen, swelling of the tonsils. Rashes in the form of red spots 5–15 mm in size appear on days 5–7 of illness, gradually merge, and are most often localized on the face. A special feature is that with mononucleosis the rash does not itch.
8. Erythema infectiosum
   is caused by parvovirus. At the initial stage of development, the disease occurs like a cold; after a few days, numerous red pimples appear on the face and body.
9. Molluscum
   is a viral infection; children most often become infected in swimming pools or when using hygiene items from a sick person. Initially, neoplasms appear under the skin; as the disease progresses, they come to the surface in the form of nodules; after opening, a white heterogeneous mass can be seen inside; it contains many viruses.

Important! Almost always, an infectious rash is accompanied by fever, weakness, and often enlarged lymph nodes. The rashes have a strict phasing pattern, gradually covering new areas of the skin.

Bacterial diseases

In children, bacterial diseases with skin manifestations most often occur against the background of infection with streptococci, staphylococci; microbes enter the body by airborne droplets, through wounds and scratches on the skin.

Types of pathologies:

1. Scarlet fever is caused by streptococci from group A. The rash can appear within 24 hours after infection - extensive red roseola with small pink dots inside appear on the cheeks, rough to the touch, they gradually turn pale and turn brown. The rashes from the face spread to the stomach, back, neck, and thighs, but there is no rash in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle. Additional symptoms are fever, sore throat, diarrhea, the tongue is covered with a white coating, but after a day it turns red, and papillae are clearly visible on the surface.
2. Erythema migrans is a bacterial dermatosis that occurs after a tick bite. After 1–2 days, a round spot appears at the site of the bite, the skin inside turns red, peels, and the inflammation gradually grows. Itching, tingling and irritation occur only if the bite occurs in an area with thin, sensitive skin. Without proper treatment, the infection spreads to the central nervous system and meningitis may develop.
3. Folliculitis, furunculosis, carbunculosis - inflammation of one or more hair follicles, often the pathological process spreads to surrounding tissues. The affected areas are red and hot to the touch, and the disease is often accompanied by fever.
4. Hidradenitis - ulcers form in the sweat glands, the rash is localized in the armpits, in the groin area, in the folds of the skin, the disease develops only in adolescents.
5. Streptoderma - on the face and limbs, in the folds of the skin, bubbles with purulent contents appear, which easily burst, blisters and red ulcers form.
6. Ecthyma - the skin becomes covered with deep ulcers with a diameter of 2–4 cm, the inflamed areas have a soft bottom and are covered with dry crusts.

Newborns are sometimes diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases - syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydia; infection occurs in utero or as the child passes through the birth canal. Venereal rashes are varied - maculopapular rash, erosions, ulcers, chancre, nodules, they appear on the genitals, in the folds of the skin, on the face, and less often they can be found on the mucous membranes. STDs are often detected in adolescents who begin sexual activity early and have poor understanding of safe sex issues.

Staphylococci affect follicles and glands, streptococcal infections develop on smooth skin, most often around the mouth and nose.

Parasitic infections

Parasitic diseases occur when infected with lice and mites; the pathologies are very contagious and spread rapidly in children's groups.

List of common diseases:

1. Pediculosis
   is an infestation of lice. The disease is accompanied by severe itching, red dots appear on the skin, and there are many nits on the hair.
2. Scabies
   is an infection with the scabies mite. Scabies are formed on the skin - small winding lines of pink or gray color; the disease is characterized by severe itching, which intensifies at night.
3. Demodicosis
   is an infection with the demodex mite. The disease manifests itself in the form of rosacea and granulomas; sores on the face are accompanied by severe itching of the eyes and profuse lacrimation.

A rash on the body often occurs when infected with worms - parasites secrete toxic substances during their life activities, which causes severe allergic reactions

Fungal pathologies

Mycoses occur with the active growth of pathogenic fungi; they often affect not only the skin, but also the hair and nail plates; rashes usually affect large areas. The causes of diseases are long-term use of antibiotics or the use of antiseptics, disruptions in the endocrine system, poor ecology, vitamin deficiency, and frequent stress.

Types of mycoses in children:

1. Keratomycosis
   - pityriasis versicolor, pityriasis versicolor, nodular trichosporia. The diseases are characterized by the absence of an inflammatory process and minor damage to the upper layers of the epidermis.
2. Dermatophytosis
   – trichophytosis, microsporia. Pathological processes penetrate deep into the epidermis and affect nails and hair.
3. Candidiasis
   - occurs when the number of fungi of the genus Candida increases. The pathology affects the skin and mucous membranes, accompanied by the appearance of a cheesy coating with a sour odor and numerous small white pimples.
4. Deep mycoses
   – chromomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis. Fungi penetrate deep into the skin, affecting nearby tissues and internal organs.

A fungal rash looks like spots of different diameters and shapes; they can be pink or yellowish-brown, their surface is flaky and covered with scales.

Fungal diseases are often chronic, with exacerbations occurring due to weakened immunity.

Non-infectious types of rash

Non-infectious rashes occur due to improper care and may indicate disturbances in the functioning of internal organs.

The main types of rashes of non-infectious origin:

1. Neonatal acne – numerous yellow or white pimples on the forehead, cheeks, and around the nose are present at birth or appear during the first 6 months of a child’s life. The pathology occurs under the influence of the hormone estrogen, due to the active work of the sex glands, and does not require specific treatment.
2. Erythema toxicum is a reaction of a newborn’s skin to a new environment. Groups of spots of different sizes appear on the chest, buttocks, and in the bends of the limbs, yellowish-gray blisters, and the skin in the areas of the rash is dense. In a localized form, the rash disappears within 2–4 days; in a generalized and widespread form, it can persist for up to 20 days, with an increase in temperature, and the baby becomes restless due to severe itching.
3. Milia - small white nodules localized on the face. The disease develops 7–14 days after the birth of the child due to blockage of the sebaceous glands.
4. Pilar (follicular) keratosis is a chronic disease that occurs due to a disruption in the process of desquamation and keratinization of epithelial cells. Small rough nodules appear in the locations of the hair follicles, most often the disease goes away with the onset of puberty.
5. Diaper dermatitis is a consequence of improper skin care for a child. Redness, blisters, and peeling appear in the groin area, in the folds of the skin, and in places of friction with clothing.
6. Seborrheic dermatitis - develops in newborns and adolescents when the sebaceous glands are disrupted; the problem arises due to overheating, excessive sweating, dietary errors, and stress. Symptoms: the skin swells, turns red, peels, there is severe itching and burning, the condition and appearance of the hair worsens, but yellow crusts appear on the head.
7. Miliaria - skin irritation due to increased sweating, failure to comply with hygiene standards, small bubbles of pink, pearlescent, white, flesh color appear.

Swelling and itchy rashes after insect bites are a type of non-infectious rash.

Allergic skin diseases

Allergic dermatoses are quite often detected in children; they develop against the background of infectious pathologies, poor nutrition; allergens can be foods, household chemicals, pollen, animal hair, dust, and medications. Allergies are often inherited.

List of dermatoses of allergic origin:

1. Contact dermatitis
   - severe irritation occurs after contact with household chemicals, some plants, intolerance to sunlight, low temperatures. Usually blisters and red spots disappear on their own when exposure to allergens stops.
2. Diathesis
   – red, rough spots appear on the cheeks; the disease occurs in infants under one year of age if the mother consumes prohibited foods; in older children, such rashes indicate a food allergy.
3. Atopic dermatitis
   is the most common type of allergic childhood pathology and is often hereditary. A polymorphic rash in the form of red spots of irregular shape, pustules, vesicles appears in various areas, but most often on the face, head, in places where joints are bent, and in folds. Symptoms are severe itching, redness of the skin, vascular network, increased dryness of the skin, thickening of all layers of the epidermis, disturbance of the psycho-emotional state.
4. Toxidermia
   is an acute inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes that manifests itself under the influence of allergens and is characterized by the appearance of rashes, blisters, and purulent nodules. Irritants can be food, medications, toxic fumes. Additional symptoms are fever, chills, itching, inflamed areas hurt, and sometimes vomiting and nausea are observed.
5. Urticaria
   - occurs after contact with plants, insect bites, consumption of allergenic foods, during treatment with antibiotics, against the background of infectious diseases. The blisters are localized in different areas of the skin and mucous membranes, and the child is bothered by severe itching.
6. Eczema
   is often a consequence of severe stress, the disease is recurrent in nature, and aggravation is noted in winter.

Often, a rash appears during ARVI or influenza - this is associated with a sharp decrease in immunity, which leads to the appearance of allergic rashes. With a cold, urticaria is most often observed - multiple small blisters form on the skin.

Rash as a manifestation of diseases of internal organs

Often, a rash indicates a disruption in the functioning of internal organs; rashes appear if a large number of toxins accumulate in the body, some of them are excreted through the pores. Most often, skin manifestations occur in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, intestines, and hematological pathologies.

Description of rashes in various diseases

Types of diseases	Characteristics of rashes
Bowel diseases	Dermatitis, pimples, acne, peeling - usually the rashes are localized on the face.
Liver diseases	Single red spots, pustules, small pink rashes all over the body, the skin on the palms becomes marbled. Liver plaques are flat, yellowish lumps located on the limbs, eyelids, and armpits.
Blood diseases	Purpura - numerous small bruises throughout the body. Small nodules on the lower limbs and buttocks.
Kidney diseases	Increased dryness, yellowing of the skin, age spots, itchy rash all over the body.

In diseases of the internal organs, the rash is usually located symmetrically.

IS CHIN PLASTY RIGHT FOR ME?

Indications for chin correction surgery may include:

• An underdeveloped, sloping chin, creating the effect of a small “bird” face;
• A small chin and age-related changes, as a result of which soft tissues slide down, forming “jowls” and a double chin;
• Too large, protruding chin;
• Wide, heavy lower jaw (“horse-like” face);
• Unattractive or asymmetrical chin shape.

To obtain a comprehensive result, chin surgery can be combined with liposuction and neck lift, as well as rhinoplasty.

Results Before and After CHIN PLASTY View now

CHIN PLASTY. METHODS

The following techniques are most often used for surgical correction of the chin:

Chin augmentation with modern implants . This low-traumatic method is indicated for patients with a small, underdeveloped chin who want to achieve more harmonious facial proportions with a clear lower jaw line.

Chin augmentation with your own bone tissue . Small chin augmentation, in which the surgeon moves part of the mental protuberance forward through an osteotomy. This plastic method is used to correct a sloping chin in both men and women.

Chin reduction (reduction mentoplasty) . Correction of a heavy chin, in which the surgeon works with the bone tissue, achieving the desired proportions. Reducing a long chin immediately changes the face, making it graceful and harmonious.

Alternative (non-surgical) methods are chin contouring with natural hyaluronic acid fillers or lipofilling. These methods are indicated if a slight increase in the chin or minor correction of its shape is required.

The choice of chin plastic surgery technique is carried out after a thorough study of the proportions of the face from various angles and other studies.

HOW IS THE OPERATION FOR SURGICAL CORRECTION OF THE CHIN PERFORMED?

When planning the operation, a thorough comparative analysis of the facial proportions and a comparison of the right and left profiles is carried out. Such an assessment is necessary to ensure that the face after chin surgery looks natural and beautiful from any angle. Then the necessary tests and studies are carried out, including a lateral teleroentgenogram and an orthopantomogram.

Mentoplasty, the price of which varies depending on the chosen surgical technique, is one of the most effective plastic surgery technologies.

Before and After FACE LIFT Results View now

All chin surgeries are performed under general anesthesia and are therefore painless. When performing chin correction surgery, the incision is made in the mouth, in the crease between the lower jaw and lip, so the scar after the operation will not be visible. Chin correction surgery usually takes about 1 hour, but in complex cases, mentoplasty can take longer. If genioplasty is performed in conjunction with other plastic surgeries, such as a facelift or rhinoplasty, the duration of the operation increases to 2-3 hours.

Infant tremor, causes

The characteristics of a newborn's body are always reflected in their behavior. Even full-term babies are born with undeveloped systems and organs. This is fine. Hearing, vision, digestive, immune and endocrine systems must adapt to new conditions, and this takes time. Nerve centers are responsible for coordinating movements. Their immaturity at birth is the main cause of chin tremors.

There are often cases when the chin of a month-old baby shakes due to the consequences of an unfavorable pregnancy and problematic childbirth.

Another reason is related to the imperfection of the endocrine system. Any emotional experiences in the life of children under 1 year of age lead to the release of an excess amount of norepinephrine into the blood. This hormone increases tension, which causes twitching of different parts of the body. In addition to the chin, the lower lip, limbs, and head may tremble.

A variety of factors can trigger the appearance of tremors. Among them there are also dangerous ones associated with serious neurological disorders. The following abnormalities are often detected in children:

• Increased intracranial pressure.
• Metabolic disorders.
• Hyperglycemia.
• Sepsis.
• Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
• Intracranial hemorrhage.

Without the participation of specialists, it is very difficult to understand the causes of involuntary twitching of the chin. Not every young mother is able to correctly assess the condition of the baby, understand what is happening and how to behave correctly in such situations. If in doubt, go to the doctor, and the slightest suspicion of pathology should be the reason.

REHABILITATION AFTER CHIN PLASTY

After the operation, the patient remains in the clinic until the next morning. The chin area is fixed with a special “invisible” plaster (without using a bandage).

Rehabilitation after chin correction takes up to 14 days. At this time, it is necessary to carefully observe a gentle regimen, avoid intense physical activity, and avoid sudden head movements.

In the first days after surgery, patients may experience swelling of the chin and discomfort in the suture area. To reduce unwanted effects and speed up healing, the doctor prescribes special medications, and physical therapy may be prescribed.

When does tremors become dangerous?

Infant tremor is observed for the first time at 2 months of a child’s life. Sometimes the phenomena disappear at 4 months. In premature babies, chin trembling can be observed up to 1 year. If the symptoms do not go away for up to 6 months, are accompanied by the appearance of perspiration on the skin, increasing intensity and too violent a reaction to external stimuli, this is already a deviation. Spontaneous movements and convulsions can be dangerous.

Parents should be wary if the chin shakes for more than 30 seconds while crying. Simultaneous trembling of the legs, arms and head is also considered abnormal. The manifestation of these symptoms may indicate the presence of a pathology, but there is no need to panic. In infancy, such conditions can be treated easily and without consequences.

A child under 1 year of age needs regular examinations by a neurologist. Don't miss scheduled consultations. They are usually prescribed at the ages of 1 and 3 months, at six months and upon reaching 1 year. During these important periods, specialists evaluate the baby’s motor activity, his emotional state, muscle tone, reflexes, and the functioning of his senses. If deviations are detected, the necessary treatment is prescribed.

DO YOU NEED THE BEST CHIN PLASTIC SPECIALIST IN MOSCOW?

Plastic and maxillofacial surgeon Ekaterina Sergeevna Kudinova is a candidate of medical sciences, a leading Russian specialist in the field of plastic surgery of the chin, lower jaw and nose.

As a leading researcher at the best Moscow clinical center of otorhinolaryngology, Ekaterina Sergeevna performs complex facial reconstructive surgeries for patients injured in accidents. This unique experience helps her achieve excellent results in relatively simpler aesthetic chin surgery and complex profile correction surgeries.

Delicacy, tact and the ability to empathize allow the doctor to gain trust and find mutual understanding with each patient.

You can make an appointment for a consultation with Ekaterina Sergeevna Kudinova by calling 1 or. You can also leave a request through the online consultation form on the website.