Sanitation of the respiratory tract: how to get rid of phlegm

Updated July 23, 2022 799 Author: Dmitry Petrov
Hello, dear readers of the KtoNaNovenkogo.ru blog. New words and terms are actively penetrating into our vocabulary, which, due to their novelty and borrowing from other languages, do not always seem understandable.

For example, today we will look at the word reorganization, which some associate with oral hygiene, and for others with problems with the bank where their money is.

This term is truly diverse, but today we will talk more about banks and their rescue from bankruptcy, as well as whether depositors should rejoice if they decide to reorganize their bank.

What is rehabilitation?

Rehabilitation usually refers to a set of measures aimed at restoring the solvency of a bank and improving its financial condition. The main goal of reorganization is to increase the efficiency of the credit institution and restore its competitiveness in the market, which is a prerequisite for avoiding bankruptcy. One of the main provisions of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 40-FZ “On the insolvency of credit organizations” is the recognition of the legal equality of several procedures, in particular, reorganization, the appointment of a temporary manager as the first stage of bankruptcy and reorganization.

One of the conditions for bank reorganization is the identification of an investor for its implementation. Its tasks include not only carrying out activities aimed at increasing the efficiency of the bank, but also, most importantly, allocating additional financial resources. As practice has shown, not all banks that were appointed as investors, that is, sanators, to carry out measures to improve problem credit institutions in 2013-2014, coped with the task. Moreover, at least two of them - the already mentioned Bank Otkritie and Binbank - today themselves are in need of reorganization by the Central Bank.

Reorganization of enterprises

When rehabilitating enterprises, anti-crisis measures are taken to stabilize the situation. Management must understand that the enterprise needs urgent anti-crisis measures and a professional manager. Then additional funds from private investors are attracted through the issue of shares, and a way out of the crisis situation is financed.

Restoring an enterprise should solve three main problems:

• stabilize and increase production;
• carry out reorganization (acquisition or merger);
• prevent bankruptcy.

Rehabilitation can be initiated either by the debtor company itself or by its creditor, if the company itself is unable to repay its debts. Rehabilitation activities cannot last longer than 18 months. If during this period of time the position of the enterprise is not stabilized, it is declared bankrupt and sells off its property.

Types of enterprise reorganization

There are two types of enterprise reorganization, which depend on the depth of the crisis and the conditions for providing outside assistance:

1. Focus on debt reorganization.
2. Change of company status.

During reorganization aimed at debt reorganization, the legal entity does not change its status. This type of resolution is used to eliminate a company's insolvency and is only effective in cases of temporary insolvency. In this case, the company's debts are repaid from funds that come from the state budget (if the enterprise is owned by the state).

In addition, the commercial banking institution that services this company can issue it a targeted loan (issued after an audit). Help can also be provided by another party when the enterprise’s debt is transferred to another legal entity that wishes to participate in the reorganization. Also, in accordance with the guarantees established by the sanator, companies can additionally issue bonds or other securities.

Rehabilitation, which implies a change in the status of the debtor company, is carried out through reorganization carried out in the event of a crisis situation of the enterprise. To achieve the goal and implement reorganization measures, one or more forms are selected by which the debtor enterprise is reorganized:

Signs of a problematic bank situation

Article 4 of the above-mentioned No. 40-FZ provides a clear description of the grounds sufficient to prescribe a reorganization procedure. These include:

• failure to comply with creditors' demands for payment of obligations during the last 6 months;
• impossibility of making a payment within 3 days due to the lack of funds in the bank’s correspondent accounts;
• non-compliance with the standards established by the Central Bank in relation to current liquidity by more than 10% per month, as well as in terms of solvency indicators and the minimum capital of a credit institution;
• a reduction in the amount of capital by 20% or more compared to the maximum amount of this parameter for the previous year;
• reduction of the bank's capital for the reporting period to a level that is lower than established by the constituent documents of the organization (for banks operating on the market for more than 3 years).

If any of the above factors are identified, the bank management is obliged to begin reorganization. In addition, the relevant information must be communicated to the market regulator, that is, the Central Bank of Russia. If these violations were identified directly by Central Bank specialists during the implementation of control functions, the bank is either issued an order to eliminate them, or a forced reorganization procedure is introduced. Until recently, two options were used to carry it out:

• using funds from the DIA, that is, the Deposit Insurance Agency;
• by appointing as a sanator another bank that has funds sufficient to rehabilitate a problem credit institution.

However, in July 2022, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation announced the launch of a third possible rehabilitation scheme using funds from the newly created Consolidation Fund, the main role in which will be played by representatives of the Central Bank itself. This is exactly the scheme that is currently being used to rehabilitate B&N Bank and Otkritie Bank.

When a bank needs reorganization

What does a “problem situation” that requires recovery mean?

1. repeated delays in loan obligations - debts were not repaid on time;
2. failure to pay taxes and fees because there were not enough funds in the bank accounts;
3. violation of Central Bank regulations on the number of assets (what is this?);
4. reduction in capital. This usually indicates that “gray” dubious schemes are involved in the outflow of funds from the bank.

Dubious lending, for example, issuing loans to companies owned by bank management, can attract the attention of the Central Bank and then lead to reorganization.

There may be other reasons. For example, the reason for the reorganization of the Bank of Moscow was the suspicion of a crime committed against the owners of the bank.

Reasons for reorganization

In addition to the criteria described above related to the financial condition of the bank, two significant factors may serve as the basis for making a decision on resolution:

• serious importance of the bank in the financial sector of the country. This means that the bankruptcy of a credit institution can cause significant harm to the Russian banking system, which can lead to problems in other banks;
• The bank's difficulties are temporary and unsystematic in nature and can easily be eliminated with a reasonable level of investment on the part of the owners of the credit institution or sanatorium.

In most cases, reorganization is applied to those financial structures that have been operating on the market for quite a long time and have an established reputation and status. If we are talking about a newly opened or small bank, most often the Central Bank of Russia simply revokes its license, thus stopping its activities.

Meaning of the word reorganization

Sanation (from - recovery) is the everyday name of a political movement that arose in connection with Józef Pilsudski’s proclamation of the slogan “moral sanitation” of public life in Poland, put forward during the preparation and during the May 1926 coup. Parliament played a minor role. Political opposition was suppressed.

The movement was based on former army officers who were disgusted by the corruption in Polish politics. The bailout was a coalition of different political forces with a focus on eliminating corruption and reducing inflation.

The main political organization of the reorganization was the Non-Party Bloc of Cooperation with the Government (1928-1935), and since 1937 - the National Unification Camp.

In August 1926, significant amendments were made to the 1921 Constitution. The President received the right to early dissolve the Sejm and Senate and call new elections, issue decrees that have the force of law until they are approved or not approved by Parliament. The Diet began to work on a sessional rather than permanent basis. Only the President had the right to open and close its sessions. Preliminary censorship of the press was introduced.

Sanation established authoritarian rule, fought against communism, and proclaimed theses about the crisis of democracy, the need for strong power and the elimination of opposition parties. In general, Pilsudski's regime was center-right, conservative and paternalistic in nature.

Examples of the fight against the opposition, among other things, were: the creation of a concentration camp in Bereza-Kartuzska, the Brest-Litovsk Trial, the outlawing of the Greater Poland Camp, as well as the National Radical Camp, restrictions on freedom of the press and assembly.

In April 1935, shortly before Piłsudski's death, a new Constitution was adopted in Poland, which included the basic principles of Sanation: a strong centralized state with a presidential system of government. Soon after Piłsudski's death, the movement faced a number of internal problems and divisions. Eventually it split into three separate directions:

1. Left Sanation, with leader Valery Slavek, which sought an agreement with the opposition;
2. The castle group formed around President Ignatius Moscicki - centrists;
3. Right-wing Sanation, grouped around Edward Rydz-Smigly in alliance with the National Unification Camp - nationalists.

The first of these areas soon lost its importance, and the other two continued to struggle for influence until the outbreak of the war. On March 17, 1938, with the support of Germany, it presented Lithuania with an ultimatum demanding recognition of the Vilna region, which it occupied in 1920, as an integral part of the Polish state. Otherwise, Poland threatened to occupy the country. Polish troops began shelling Lithuanian territory. On March 19, 1938, the Lithuanian government accepted Poland's demand to open the borders. Diplomatic relations were established between Lithuania and Poland.

The Second World War put an end to the Sanation government, but its leaders retained significant connections in the émigré government and its underground structures in Poland.

Who benefits from this?

Successful bank resolution benefits absolutely all participants in the process. The credit institution begins to operate effectively as normal again. The sanator gets the opportunity to return the investment with a profit. Clients of the bank being rehabilitated retain funds in their accounts, and in full, and not in accordance with the limit established by the DIA. The interest and benefit of the country's Central Bank is also quite obvious - the state's financial system is becoming more stable. Even the competitors of a struggling bank benefit from successful reorganization, as it maintains customer confidence in the entire banking system of the country.

The only problem is that not every sanitation procedure initiated is completed successfully. In this case, the exact opposite picture described above is observed. The sanatorium loses its invested funds, and, as the examples of B&N Bank and Otkritie Bank clearly showed, it can itself find itself in a difficult financial situation. The owners of the bank being rehabilitated will lose their own business, since the Central Bank of the Russian Federation will most likely revoke the license as a result. Some of the bank's clients lose funds; only the owners of deposits are guaranteed to return them from the accounts of the Deposit Insurance Agency, the amount of which, together with accrued interest, does not exceed 1.4 million rubles.

Stages of implementation

The vaginal sanitation procedure is painless. Patients do not experience any discomfort. It is carried out using medications that directly affect infectious agents. The antiseptic agents used are designed to provide a quick effect, have a wide spectrum of action, are active in any environment and do not irritate the mucous membrane of the genital organs. Medicines intended for topical use are available in various forms:

• douching solutions;
• vaginal suppositories (suppositories);
• creams;
• pills.

For vaginal sanitation, drugs such as Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, Betadine, Fluomizin, Vagotil and others are widely used. In some cases, agents with a narrower spectrum of action are used: Metromicon-Neo, Polygynax.

Modern medical centers offer patients the following types of sanitation: traditional, vacuum and ultrasound. The doctor determines which technique to use in each specific case based on the data of the preliminary examination and examination. He also prescribes the necessary medicine.

Regardless of what type of vaginal treatment is prescribed, this procedure involves performing the following algorithm of actions:

1. The first stage is the destruction of harmful pathogens with drugs. Conducted in a clinic by a medical professional. The patient sits on a gynecological chair, the specialist makes a bath: he treats the vagina with a tampon soaked in a medicinal solution. In some cases, special tools are used.
2. The second stage is the restoration of normal vaginal microflora. This implies the colonization of the vaginal area with beneficial bacteria - probiotics containing lacto- and bifidobacteria. Oral intake of live bacteria that restore intestinal microflora is allowed.

Before the vaginal sanitation procedure, it is necessary to empty the intestines and bladder and carry out hygienic measures.

Self-medication and self-prescription of medications is unacceptable, as it can lead to resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. Prescriptions are made exclusively by the doctor based on the examination.

Ways to improve your health

The reorganization procedure provides for two main areas of work carried out by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the DIA or the sanator appointed by them:

• allocation of additional financial resources;
• selection of financial stabilization methods and their implementation.

Funding for economic recovery activities can occur in a variety of ways. Until recently, the most frequently used options were:

• use of funds from bank owners. The most calm and effective solution to the problem;
• provision of direct financial assistance from the DIA or Central Bank of the organization being reorganized;
• use of funds from a sanatorium designated for the treatment procedure;
• provision of funds from the DIA or Central Bank directly to the sanatorium.

Quite often, during the recovery procedure, all of the listed methods of providing financial assistance are used. However, until recently, it was not allowed to completely reorganize at the expense of the budget and the DIA. At the same time, the procedure introduced at Otkritie Bank and Binbank, which provides for the use of funds from the Consolidation Fund, may become the first example of how reorganization will be carried out, in fact, entirely at the expense of the budget. In this case, it does not matter at all whether this will be done through the reorganization of a credit institution or by entering into the capital of the bank being rehabilitated by purchasing its shares.

Indications and contraindications

The average woman is faced with the need to cleanse the vagina before genital surgery. But in most cases, junior staff does this for her, since the victim herself is already under the influence of anesthesia.

Many gynecologists insist on the need to perform similar actions during pregnancy in order to protect against the possible development of a strong inflammatory process. The regularity of procedures should be clarified during the next preventive examination by a gynecologist in the antenatal clinic.

When a microbial agent travels from the vagina directly into the uterus after the placenta is separated, the likelihood of a septic process increases. The risks even extend to the baby, who must pass through the birth canal and at the same time pick up a dangerous infection. If labor was extremely difficult, then you cannot do without sanitation even after childbirth.

The list of the most common prerequisites for prescribing sanitation includes several common diseases such as:

• bacterial vaginitis;
• sexually transmitted diseases;
• fungi;
• viral lesions;
• nonspecific viral conditions;
• local or large-scale inflammation of the gynecological organs located in the pelvis.

Sometimes manipulation improves the condition of some other anomalies associated with the reproductive system, but here you need to consult a specialist in each specific case separately. If you do everything according to simple instructions, then the effect will not take long to appear even in severe cases of the disease. This is confirmed by numerous reviews from patients who have experienced the effectiveness of the method.

The exact price of a course of therapy will directly depend on the duration of treatment, as well as the medications used in the treatment program approved by the gynecologist. Sometimes simple antiseptics, which are easy to find in any pharmacy, are enough.

But in case of rare anomalies, it is necessary to involve the introduction of vaginal suppositories, which cost more than standard preparations for washing.

Despite a whole bunch of medical indications, sanitation has several significant contraindications. Among them, pregnancy is especially highlighted, which, at the same time as the ban, is considered an indication. The confusion is caused by the fact that for women in an interesting position it is allowed to use rinses, but using instrumental techniques is strictly prohibited.

Other, more understandable indications include:

• inflammation at the acute stage of the course;
• menses;
• uterine bleeding;
• allergic reaction to an antiseptic;
• high body temperature;
• general serious condition.

To avoid the possibility of encountering anaphylactic shock, it is enough to conduct an allergy test in advance on a safe area of ​​the skin.

If it turns out that the body does not take pharmacological drugs, you can look for an alternative. This is ultrasonic cleaning, which is offered by many modern clinics.

To mitigate the risks of possible infectious infection, the preparatory stage before hysteroscopy, colcoscopy, and oncocytology is never complete without sanitation. All three points provide for a detailed examination of the uterine cavity, where pathogenic microorganisms should not reach. Even standard installation of an intrauterine device does not occur without preliminary antiseptic treatment of the vagina.

When a woman, even if she is carrying a baby, is diagnosed with lesions of the genitourinary system, as happens with ureaplasma, the course of treatment will not be complete without sanitation.

Especially pregnant women should pay increased attention to personal hygiene in the early stages, as well as in the third trimester. For many expectant mothers, it is in the period from 34 to 36 weeks that Candida awakens. It is prohibited to suppress his vital activity using systemic methods, such as taking antibiotics or other medications, due to the likelihood of harming a young family member. Then sanitation will come to the rescue, which does not provoke swelling of the mucous membranes, protecting the birth canal from possible injuries.

Problem solving methods

The second area of ​​work during bank reorganization is the determination of the main methods for increasing the competitiveness of a credit institution in the market and the efficiency of its work. A variety of measures can be used for this, the most famous of which are:

• restructuring of the bank's accounts payable. Most clients understand perfectly well that it is much more profitable to wait a little to submit claims if there is at least a small chance of restoring the bank’s functionality. When declaring bankruptcy, the likelihood of getting your money back is noticeably lower;
• sale of illiquid assets on the bank’s balance sheet;
• optimization and reorganization of the bank's management and management system. The previous system has proven to be ineffective, so it should be replaced with a more efficient one;
• staff reduction, closure of unprofitable branches and branches. In modern conditions, when an increasing number of clients prefer remote working methods, there is no need to maintain a large number of offices;
• introduction of modern working methods, including using the Internet, and optimization of costs at all levels.

Sanitation of the respiratory tract: how to get rid of phlegm

Patients with spinal muscular atrophy often have difficulty independently removing sputum or mucous discharge from the upper and lower respiratory tract. This is due to impaired swallowing, as well as increased secretion of sputum during colds, to which patients with SMA, unfortunately, are often susceptible.

A special device - an aspirator - will help to cope with this problem.

We tell you how to use an aspirator, which catheters are suitable for different types of sanitation, as well as methods and rules for sanitation of the upper respiratory tract and nasal cavity. The text was prepared jointly with the SMA Families Foundation based on the video instructions “Respiratory tract sanitization: how to get rid of phlegm. To help parents."

The experts are Alexandra Levontin, anesthesiologist-resuscitator, respiratory support specialist, and Vasily Shtabnitsky, pulmonologist.

When is it necessary to perform airway sanitation?

If we see mucous discharge from the child’s nose or mouth, hear noisy breathing or feel bubbling when we put our hand on his chest, it means the child requires sanitation.

What is an aspirator?

An aspirator is a device that uses a vacuum to remove phlegm and mucus from the upper or lower respiratory tract through special tubes. Aspirators can be stationary, powered by mains, or portable, with a battery.

Aspirators / SMA Families Foundation

The aspirator operates on 220 volts. It has a power button and a suction power regulator. Usually it is set to maximum: otherwise the power of the home aspirator will not be enough to effectively remove all phlegm and mucus.

Various types of catheters are used for sanitation. They are made in different colors: each color corresponds to a certain diameter of the catheter.

Catheters of different thicknesses, marked with different colors / SMA Families Foundation

The thicker the catheter, the more effectively it removes mucus and, unfortunately, the more discomfort it causes to the child. A thinner catheter is almost invisible and can be inserted through the nasal cavity. But it does not always remove everything that is needed, and the sanitation procedure is delayed.

It is advisable to have several catheters of different diameters on hand at once, and choose the optimal one in each situation.

When should you use an aspirator?

An aspirator is necessary after each use of a cough cleaner because the cougher does not always completely remove mucus from the lungs. Often phlegm accumulates in the throat area - it must be removed. You can complete the sanitation using a saliva ejector. This will help remove mucus that has accumulated in the respiratory tract.

The aspirator can be used independently to sanitize saliva or mucus that has accumulated in the oral cavity.

Respiratory disorders in patients with SMA Methods of correction and prevention of respiratory problems SMA Families Foundation Vasily Shtabnitsky

Symptomatic treatment

How to use the aspirator

Important: Wear gloves before you begin sanitation. If this is not possible, at least use hand sanitizer.

• Press the power button;
• Check if the device is working correctly. To do this, close the tube through which air is sucked in with your finger. If the arrow of the device moves, then everything is in order;
• Make sure that all tubes are connected tightly and there are no leaks anywhere; to do this, insert the tip of the catheter into the tube. You will hear her suck in air;
• Insert the tube into the airways to the required depth, clamp the hole, and saliva will begin to flow through the tube;
• Do not remove the handset immediately. Run it along your tongue, tuck it behind your tongue.

Important Do not insert the catheter too deep so as not to provoke the child to vomit. To find out the desired depth, measure the distance from the upper jaw along the lip to the corner of the lower jaw.

We measure the distance from the upper jaw along the lip to the angle of the lower jaw / SMA Families Foundation

To sanitize the respiratory tract through the nose:

• Take the thinnest catheter and connect it to the saliva ejector;
• Without clamping the tube, insert the catheter approximately from the beginning of the nasal opening to the tip of the ear. To do this, first apply the catheter to the tip of the nose, ear and corner of the jaw. Mark the desired length;

We measure the required length by applying the catheter to the tip of the nose, ear and corner of the jaw / SMA Families Foundation

• Insert the catheter through the nasal cavity until it is behind the tongue, in the larynx area;
• Clamp the catheter and begin debridement of the upper respiratory tract and nasal cavity.

Important If you insert a clamped catheter, you can injure the child’s mucous membrane.

Care of the aspirator

The cup in which the aspirate is collected must be washed daily as it is filled. The bowl indicates its capacity.

Filters should be changed when they become dirty, but at least once every 6 months.

Each electric aspirator is equipped with an indicator that determines the pressure. The pressure should not exceed 80 mmHg.

After completion of sanitation, the suction catheter should be rinsed with an aqueous solution of chlorhexidine.

When sanitizing children with a tracheostomy, the catheter should not extend beyond the boundaries of the tracheostomy tube. If the catheter is too long, it will injure the mucous membrane, which can subsequently lead to tracheomalacia and bedsores. To avoid this, you can take an old tube that the child no longer uses, insert a catheter into it and make a mark with a marker. Keep this reference catheter near the baby’s crib and check it with it the first time.

You will find articles and videos on how to cope with respiratory problems in our “Respiratory Problems” section. If you need detailed information about caring for a child with spinal muscular atrophy, take a look at the All About SMA project of the SMA Families charity foundation - here.

Nuances of bank management during reorganization

The only option in which the management of the bank remains in the hands of its owners and the managers appointed by them is the case when the reorganization occurs on the initiative of the credit institution itself. If the decision to introduce a financial recovery procedure is made by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, it is he who appoints a temporary administration to manage the bank. It usually consists of representatives of the Bank of Russia itself, the DIA and an organization appointed by the sanatorium. It is important to note that the temporary manager has the right to challenge and cancel even those financial transactions that were concluded before his appointment.

In what cases is cervical sanitation performed?

Previously, the procedure was performed on almost all women, as it was believed that it was a preventive measure. However, now the approach to it has changed. Sanitation of the uterine cavity and its cervix is ​​carried out exclusively according to indications. Among them:

• preparation for abortion, childbirth, colposcopy/hysteroscopy, insertion of an intrauterine device and surgical interventions;
• fungal infections;
• rehabilitation after curettage, operations, complicated childbirth;
• cervical erosion;
• oncocytology;
• dysbiosis of the vagina and cervix;
• sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Features of reorganization in Russia

The Russian banking sector is characterized by a fairly large number of attempts to reorganize even not the largest and most significant credit institutions in the country. Naturally, there is a clear connection between the number of banks being rehabilitated and the current financial situation in the country. For example, during the 2008-2009 crisis, the Central Bank decided to introduce a financial recovery procedure in 14 credit institutions. During the relatively stable financial period from 2010 to 2013, the reorganization of only 2 banks was announced.

After the introduction of sanctions against Russia and a serious deterioration in the economic situation in the country in 2014 and 2015, the financial recovery procedure was prescribed in 12 and 15 credit institutions, respectively. In 2016, the situation as a whole did not change, and in the third quarter of 2017, two banks included in the top 15 largest financial organizations in the country, namely Otkritie Bank and B&N Bank, came under reorganization. This was largely a consequence of the main domestic feature of the financial recovery procedure, which consists in a relatively small percentage of successfully completed reorganizations.

Stages of oral sanitation

Prevention of dental diseases can significantly reduce the number of visits to the doctor. Proper dental care is needed from childhood, which will eliminate the need for fillings or implants. Not everyone manages to maintain an attractive smile throughout their life, not to mention healthy teeth. When performing oral sanitation, the dentist first of all carries out therapeutic treatment. Only after such actions do they begin more radical measures that require direct intervention in the form of removal or orthopedic measures.

Although the stages of sanitation are calculated individually, the order in which such procedures are carried out should be highlighted:

• Preliminary inspection and determination of the scope of work.
• Cleaning the oral cavity, removing plaque and tartar.
• Treating bleeding or other gum disease.
• Treatment of caries and physical damage to dental tissue.
• Removal of teeth that cannot be restored.
• Performing prosthetics and orthodontic procedures.

Aesthetic medicine involves whitening dental tissue. Such measures are also carried out before the installation of fillings or prosthetics. At the end of the sanitation, the dentist gives recommendations on oral care. This list includes the choice of a toothbrush, toothpaste, rules for using mouthwash or dental floss.

Powers of regulatory authorities

The main functions of control over the activities of banks are assigned to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which can make decisions on the need for reorganization, revocation of a license or issuing orders to eliminate violations. For carrying out financial stabilization measures, the position of the DIA, whose funds can be allocated for the reorganization procedure, becomes important. If the DIA refuses to provide financing, the most likely decision of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation will be the revocation of the license and the subsequent bankruptcy of the problem bank.

How long does it last

The sanitation procedure itself can last from 15 minutes to half an hour, depending on the type of manipulation prescribed.

The duration of treatment of pathologies of the female genitourinary system using the procedure of antiseptic treatment of the external female genital organs ranges from 10 days to 3 weeks. This depends on the severity of the disease, the degree of spread of the infection, and is prescribed by the doctor individually for each patient.

Sanitation of the vaginal cavity as a gynecological procedure is included in the list of services of every medical center offering treatment in the field of gynecology. The cost of vaginal sanitation depends on the price list of a particular clinic; online appointments are available

The role of the Central Bank and the Deposit Insurance Agency in the process of bank recovery

When carrying out reorganization, the Central Bank and the DIA exercise control at all stages of the procedure. In addition, an important function of the Central Bank is the selection and appointment of a sanator, that is, a large bank that has a stable financial position and has sufficient resources to help a problematic credit structure. The events of recent months have shown that the Bank of Russia did not always make the right decisions, appointing FC Otkritie as the sanator of Bank Trust in 2014 (at the same time, the DIA allocated 157 billion rubles), and Binbank in the same 2014 as the sanator of the banks of the Rost and Bank Credit systems. As a result, problematic financial structures were saved from bankruptcy, however, serious difficulties began for the banks themselves that carried out the reorganization.

Clean rehabilitation

When reading scientific literature on the topic of financial recovery of companies, you can often come across the concept of pure rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is considered clean if the company is able to cover losses based on internal reserve insurance funds.

The use of pure resolution not only significantly reduces the risk of bankruptcy, but also significantly reduces the need to attract capital from external resources. If decentralized financial support for reorganizing the company is not enough, they may decide to provide state support to the enterprise. If an enterprise's activities are unprofitable, but the state recognizes the company's products as socially necessary, it provides the enterprise with a subsidy or other type of financial support.

If the executive branch decides to provide financial support to a particular enterprise, it must proceed from the principle of selecting those production structures that are viable and that are able to use the assistance with the greatest possible return and guarantee an increase in the amount of production and sales of income-generating products. This decision can be made based on compliance with several criteria:

• Introduction of newer, economically and environmentally beneficial technologies.
• Export of products that can create competition, or its increase.
• Replacement of importing material, spare parts, raw materials, etc.
• Eliminating the problem of energy supply to the national economy.
• Preservation of research and development that is a priority for the country's economic system.
• Sales of company products to foreign and domestic markets.
• The presence of a high level of management in the company.

Centralized rehabilitation support can be provided through direct budget financing and indirect forms, creating favorable conditions.

Direct budget financing of company reorganizations can be carried out based on the principles of repayment (using budget loans) and non-repayment (subsidies, subsidies, full or partial purchase by the state of shares of a company that is on the verge of bankruptcy.

There is a proposal according to which it is necessary to create a special fund in the state budget to finance the rehabilitation and restructuring carried out for state-owned enterprises. But at the same time, most Western researchers have clearly stated that direct government funding not only stimulates the budget deficit, but also causes some negative effects at the macro and micro levels of the economic system. In addition, it is worth noting that many economically developed countries have already completely or almost completely abandoned this type of enterprise financing.

Pros and cons of reorganization for the investor

For a depositor of a troubled bank, successful resolution can be extremely important. This is explained by the fact that with an alternative option, that is, a bankruptcy procedure, there is a high probability that a significant part of the bank’s clients simply will not be able to receive the invested funds in full. Typically, this development of events is associated with a lack of bank assets to pay off all its accumulated debts.

Bank depositors who are individuals can count on a guaranteed receipt of funds in an amount not exceeding 1.4 million rubles, including accrued interest. The chance of receiving anything more than the specified amount during bankruptcy proceedings is quite small. Moreover, it usually extends over a long period, while payment from DIA funds is made within 2 weeks after the start of bankruptcy or liquidation of the bank.

Considering the above, it becomes clear why successful reorganization is extremely important for investors, especially large ones. In this case, their relationship with the bank will continue on the same terms, which will allow them to save and even increase funds on deposits.

Contraindications

Carrying out antiseptic treatment of the external genitalia has a number of limitations. It is contraindicated in the following conditions:

• presence of allergies to drugs used during manipulation;
• menstrual bleeding;
• deterioration of the patient’s general well-being;
• bearing a child in the absence of infections.

Sanitation of the external genital organs is not recommended during the acute course of the above-described inflammatory and infectious pathologies of the genitourinary system.

Before performing the procedure, medical clinic specialists must take into account the individual characteristics of each patient’s body.

Measures to prevent bank bankruptcy

When the first signs of financial problems appear, the bank’s management has the opportunity to independently take measures that will avoid not only bankruptcy, but also the introduction of a reorganization procedure. There are many different options for solving problems that arise:

• receiving financial assistance from the owners of a credit institution or their partners;
• development and implementation of a cost optimization program;
• changing the structure of the bank's assets and liabilities to bring them into compliance with the requirements of regulatory authorities;
• issue of bank shares in order to obtain additional financing, etc.

Practical measures to prevent bankruptcy can include any actions taken by the management of a problem bank, aimed at improving its financial condition and increasing operational efficiency.

Feasibility of treatment

Performing sanitation is important for maintaining healthy teeth throughout life. The need for such procedures is relevant at any age and will allow you to forget about toothache for a long time. Our doctors will explain the importance of all procedures to restore oral health and provide the necessary treatment. Professional sanitation of the oral cavity performed in our clinic will be the key to healthy teeth and provide a delightful smile.

This article is for informational purposes only, please consult your doctor for details!

What funds are used to finance it?

Rehabilitation can occur at the expense of the following structures:

• Deposit insurance agencies. In this case, financing is provided from a fund formed by compulsory insurance of bank deposits;
• Central Bank of Russia. He can allocate funds both independently and when applying for a DIA in the form of a loan for a period of up to five years, issued without collateral;
• investors found by the Central Bank and DIA. Typically, the investor is a sanatorium appointed by the Bank of Russia, although funds from other commercial organizations can also be attracted.

Consequences for savers and borrowers

There will be no special or truly unpleasant consequences from the reorganization. The bank operates as before, although to some extent this mode can be called “emergency”. Owners change, managers most often increase rates so that people do not take money and continue to sponsor the bank. You can either pay or withdraw money; you just need to fill out an application.

And this would be wonderful, if not for one “but”. Most banks that underwent reorganization subsequently lost their licenses. This means that while the bank is undergoing resolution, there is a real reason to worry.

The Central Bank prefers to use reorganization and revitalize banks. But the problem is that Sovetsky Bank was reorganized 3 times! And only after that his license was taken away. But for investors and clients, everyone said that this was normal, everything would be fine soon.

In fact, there will be no consequences for depositors and borrowers. At a certain point, you can even put your money in a short-term deposit at a high interest rate. And if for the long term, then generally at the maximum on the market. The only problem is that it is difficult to trust such a bank. And most people think so and take the money. And with this they take funds from the bank. And so a vicious circle arises, which with a high degree of probability will lead to the fact that no measures will help the bank.

Possible consequences of the sanitation procedure

The period for pre-trial rehabilitation is limited to a period of 1 year; in some cases it can be extended by the authorized body for no more than 6 months.

2 weeks before the completion of the procedure, the manager provides creditors with a report with a list of requirements attached. The outcome of the meeting convened to consider the report is a decision among the following:

1. On the implementation of the adopted action plan and the completion of the procedure to restore the solvency of the problem enterprise.
2. On sending an application to the court containing a petition for:
   termination of the process ahead of schedule due to the restored solvency of the company and the beginning of settlements with debts (creditors);
3. extension of a previously determined period (period) for the procedure;
4. declaring a company bankrupt and starting the process of liquidation of a legal entity;
5. On concluding a settlement agreement.

For your information! If the meeting does not make any of the above decisions or settlements with creditors are not carried out within the specified time frame, then the economic court makes a decision according to which the debtor is declared bankrupt and the liquidation procedure begins.

Rehabilitation is considered satisfactory if, as a result of its implementation, the company’s performance indicators indicate an increase in liquidity, solvency, profitability, an increase in the value of assets, that is, its recovery from the financial crisis.