Restoring the jaw, increasing aesthetic appeal, and replacing damaged areas of the masticatory organs is usually performed by a qualified doctor. However, to make the right decisions, the patient must know: what materials, types of prosthetics and designs exist for removable and permanent dentures in dentistry.
You should know that you need to visit the doctor twice a year, and not when everything in your mouth starts to hurt. Pain is a direct sign that caries is developing with other complicating diseases, chips, cracks and other damage appear that require immediate intervention. Timely prevention prevents bacterial development, allows you to find the problem at an early stage, and prevent large-scale destruction. Everyone should understand: neglecting the advice provided leads to the development of big problems.
Main categories
What is a denture? It is an artificial implant that replaces living bone. They are divided into the following types: removable, non-removable and partially removable. To choose the right one, it is necessary to diagnose dental damage and determine the method of treatment.
Only a dentist can prescribe certain actions (operations) in the oral cavity. Self-medication is more likely to only cause harm and cause the situation to worsen.
Filmed
Used after the loss of a large number of living teeth. The main feature of such prostheses is the ability to take them off and put them on yourself at home.
This type of prosthetics solves two problems:
- Restores a section of a row - an acrylic or nylon implant is fixed to living supporting teeth (important requirements for the constituent components: lightness and strength).
- Restores the bite in cases of complete edentia - small implants are installed in the oral cavity and serve as the basis for the movable part. Two years later, after the onset of alveolar atrophy, the entire chewing area needs to be replaced (discomfort or pain may appear).
Fixed type of dentures
- The metal-ceramic structure is expensive and durable, and in terms of aesthetic indicators it is 100% similar to the original, living units.
- The metal base is quite strong, but does not look so beautiful.
- Ceramics - looks expensive, loses in the long run.
- Zirconium dioxide is a modern component, enhanced with ceramic components (it is often used, but the human body can reject it).
- Plastic is fragile, short-lived (up to 5 years), used only for small loads, unstable color spoils aesthetics (advantage: low cost).
Fixed dentures evenly distribute pressure on the jaw, help preserve speech without defects, preserve beauty for a long time, and strengthen the resistance of the oral cavity to external damage.
The main disadvantage of this approach is expensive installation, possible painful sensations during operation, and exacerbation of allergic reactions. Before making such a choice, you should consult with a qualified dentist.
To learn everything about dental prosthetics, types and features, you can sign up for a consultation through the Dentika clinic website.
Conditionally removable
The patient can independently remove the jaw restored with such a prosthesis, or contact a dentist for these manipulations. The method is used where bridge orthopedics is powerless and there are contraindications to it.
The advantages include: ease of use, reliable fastenings, increased durability, beautiful aesthetics, elimination of any deformation.
The complexity of the installation of such systems, the high cost due to the addition of additional procedures, caring for the mechanism requires regular visits to the doctor, the clamps must be replaced every year - these are the disadvantages of this method.
Types of implants
Classification by type of use is not the only thing that needs to be taken into account when carrying out such work. Quality and durability depend on the materials for removable and permanent dentures.
Bridge-like
The complex system is attached to supporting (undamaged) elements. It consists of clasps with special tabs onto which artificial implants are fixed.
Bridges are divided into separate groups according to their components: plastic, metal-ceramics, ceramics, metal. The last three materials should be highlighted due to their beauty, good strength and durability.
In the absence of contraindications, the inner part of the root is made of zirconium dioxide. Durable, resistant to the aggressive environment of the oral cavity, the material completely imitates enamel.
Only a dentist can determine the advisability of using this approach, based on individual components: tolerance to various substances and characteristics of the jaw, including the strength and shape of the bite.
On implants
Metal connects living tissues with a future artificial organ. Available only in non-removable versions. The rods serve as a reliable fastening for installation.
Capital, with a neat appearance, anti-allergenic, durable - implants are inferior only in cost, rehabilitation process and contraindications (for example, weak gums).
Butterfly dentures
A complex design that requires a careful approach to insertion and operation. It got its name because of its resemblance to an insect, and is used only for fragmentary restoration. It is attached to adjacent teeth, so it cannot be used if they are completely or partially lost.
Simple and cheap to install, they have a short service life and cause some discomfort to their owner.
Coronal
Preserve the root while restoring the outside. The solution allows you to extend the life of your natural teeth and has the following advantages:
- Complete resemblance to a real chisel (impossible to distinguish).
- Effective where fillings and extensions do not work.
- Uniform load distribution helps to preserve adjacent elements.
- A bridge allows you to simultaneously restore your bite.
- There are virtually no side effects.
Any damage to the root prohibits the use of a crown. Turning an entire part is a complex job that must be carried out by a qualified specialist.
Clasp
Stainless steel (nichrome) is used to make the frame. According to the principle of treatment and application, it is completely similar to plastic options.
The system is attached to the supporting parts using locks. Implants can be used, which allows the use of clasps in case of complete loss of teeth. It preserves taste buds, and the prosthesis is very reliable thanks to the locking fixation.
This type should be carefully determined for use - it has contraindications due to the metal insert, and the frame is visible to others.
Lamellar
The jaw is divided into two components (upper and lower plates). The removable base is attached to the gums through suction cups, the cost of which depends on the quality of the components.
They are easy to produce, low in price, and can be used for extensive lesions - they cause great discomfort (increased load on the alveoli, may fall out), have side effects and a short service life. In the laboratory, the model is recreated for each person using a unique cast.
There is no point in choosing expensive components for plates, since the model wears out quickly.
Sandwiches
A hybrid that brings together all the best from clasp and plate types of prosthetics. Without visible fragments, such plates are easy to use (even with complete edentia).
Conditionally removable
Anyone who has ever gone to the dentist for dentures is concerned about how to make them, who makes and inserts dentures on hooks, what methods of fastening exist, and what they look like on the teeth.
The design received its name due to special fixation methods. Special crowns and clasps ensure a secure fit in the mouth. They will never fly out on their own. You can remove it using special skills (usually a dentist does this).
Clasp
This type of implant is described above. Additionally, 3 types of structures should be distinguished:
- Clammers. The metal claw mount provides a secure fit and poor aesthetics.
- Lock. Divided into two parts: the first on the side, the second on the inside. Installation of such a connection requires grinding of adjacent elements.
- Telescopic. The inner crown is made of solid metal, onto which an outer structure (for example, ceramic) is placed.
Indications for use:
- edentia, in which at least 5 teeth are preserved;
- more than three units in a row are missing;
- mobile teeth (loose);
- other implants cannot be installed.
Quadrotti
Clasp or clasp without metal. Biocompatible plastic is at the core of the entire design.
Positive traits:
- there is no need to grind the supporting parts;
- the material does not cause allergies;
- cheap;
- the patient gets used to it easily;
- the chewing load is distributed correctly.
Negative qualities:
- despite greater stability compared to fully removable ones, the fixation is weak;
- the classic arc has high strength;
- service life is 3-4 years.
How a new generation of complete removable dentures are attached without a palate and what they are like
It is based on two materials:
- hard acrylic for bases and implants;
- soft polyurethane for fasteners.
At the base of the mechanism is an imitation of gum, which ensures a strong fixation. Dentists are still arguing about what type they should be: completely removable or not.
Varieties by type of fastening
Artificial restoration of the bite is completed after the installation of implants. Depending on the methods of fixation, the components used and the design, there are several types in the classification of dentures and dentures:
- spherical - convenient for using partially removable systems; two supports are enough to evenly distribute the load on the closed jaws;
- beam – screwing points for implants are determined (based on the force of pressure on the gums), a beam is fixed to the holders;
- clasp - installed on supporting organs using hooks;
- on implants - it is recommended to use metal retainers as opposed to cement when there are no contraindications;
- micro-locks – the main advantage is the ability to install locks on crowns and entire areas without preliminary grinding;
- suction cups - light and short-lived with a fairly cheap implementation.
Preparation for prosthetics
Before proceeding with the manufacture and installation of dentures, it is necessary to carry out thorough preliminary preparation. If during the initial examination the doctor reveals diseases of the teeth, gums or other problems with the oral cavity, then you will need to undergo a mandatory course of therapeutic treatment. Also, regardless of the planned type of dentures, you should have your teeth professionally cleaned. If a patient requires microprosthetics using lumineers or veneers to improve their appearance, they will need to undergo whitening procedures in addition to cleaning. The presence of malocclusion and lack of space for implantation may require a course of orthodontic treatment.
Components for the production of implants
Laboratories are working to create new approaches that will determine the quality of the future product, service life, owner comfort, the development of allergic reactions and other indicators. Which material is better for dentures for dental prosthetics?
Acrylic
Affordable – the most common today. Fixed to the surface via a hook, eliminating grinding. Using this option is justified only for temporary solutions, pending the manufacture of a permanent filling or part of it.
Acry-free
The acrylic-free polymer component is resilient and elastic and does not cause any discomfort to its owner. Scientists claim a service life of 10 years, which adds points. However, it is rarely used for long-term artificial jaws, despite the fact that the transparent base is invisible to others.
At the initial consultation, the doctor will tell you what material and type of prosthesis is best to use for dental prosthetics in each individual case.
Nylon
Widely used in any medical practice due to its lightness, flexibility, as well as elasticity and elasticity.
But even distribution of the load on the chewing organs is impossible due to their great softness (which leads to the need for immediate replacement). Recommended for temporary solutions while work is underway on a permanent prosthesis.
Zirconium dioxide
A biologically compatible artificial component that is comparable in strength to metals. Used for the manufacture of crowns, implants, and various systems for a long time.
Ceramics
Ideal for the outside of teeth on a zirconia or other metal framework. Cheaper than analogues, has an average service life - which makes the material the most widely used.
Metal alloys
The composition includes durable hypoallergenic components. The main property is oxidation resistance. Used for clasp, frame and beam implants. After ceramics, the most common option. Before carrying out work, it is necessary to consult with qualified dentists, due to the risk of material rejection.
Technology and methods of prosthetics
Innovative technologies are also coming to dental orthopedics. The emergence of new materials and techniques allows for high-quality diagnostics (computed tomography, 3D modeling of future structures, etc.). From the initial examination to the stage of installation of dental prostheses, the orthopedic dentist has the opportunity to use the latest achievements of science. Today it has become possible in practice to manufacture high-precision durable orthopedic structures made of ceramics using milling machines using 3D models.
For all types of dental prosthetics, laboratory stages are mandatory, although today the use of innovative materials and technologies makes it possible to install dental prosthetics in one visit to an orthopedist. In this situation, the construction is manufactured on a special machine.
Artificial onlays - what are microprostheses?
A description of the types of dental prosthetics with dentures can be found below in the text.
Tabs
They allow you to delay the installation of the crown. A standard procedure can save damaged teeth by placing one cap at the root and another over the gum. The resulting strong base can last quite a long time. The prosthesis is made of porcelain, metal, ceramics, zirconium and various composites.
Veneers
Thin plates are attached to the outside. Designed to hide blemishes, minor defects, and whiten.
Two manufacturing methods:
- Several layers are successively applied to the enamel.
- The veneer is poured (made) in a special mold and then secured in the mouth.
The quality and service life of the finished product directly depend on the components.
Lumineers
They are more similar to veneers, but there are a number of distinctive features:
- Much thinner.
- Follows contours and performs the function of enamel.
- Microcracks are completely eliminated.
- Serve up to 20 years.
- Removable design.
Eliminates cracks, whitens and hides minor defects.
Crowns: what are they?
Depending on the composition they have indications and contraindications. Many people wonder how they are made and what they consist of dentures and their parts. Let's look at each type separately.
Metal
There are cast and stamped. They are widespread due to their low cost, as well as ease of implantation and maintenance, but have lost their relevance due to the use of more modern analogues.
They can be made of nickel, titanium, gold, silver, cobalt. The downside is complete unattractiveness.
Plastic
They are made with or without a finished frame. Attractive and beautiful design, together with simple and cheap installation, can make them leaders in application. Low strength and fragility are the main disadvantages of polymer dentures and structures. In addition, plastic is a highly allergenic component.
Used for restoration, correction of anterior incisors (low load) and temporary solutions, while a permanent option is in development.
Metal-ceramic
Metal base, in the upper layers of which a ceramic coating is applied. The most common: ideal price-quality ratio. Strength, durability, the ability to be inserted into any place are advantages. The disadvantages include a possible change in color over time (requires additional care and protection), may be rejected or lead to inflammation of the gums.
Porcelain
Porcelain implants are made using press casting followed by firing. Aesthetic, strong and durable, while completely anti-allergenic. However, the high price threshold greatly reduces the application.
Zirconium dioxide crowns
After smelting, they are able to completely copy the natural external structure of the teeth. The high cost and the impossibility of subsequent adjustments after smelting the structure make this material rare. However, high strength and durability are its advantages.
Which prostheses are best to choose?
Dentists can cope with tasks of any complexity. The choice of prosthetic method, material, approach to treatment, its duration and other nuances are determined only by the doctor.
According to indications
The main condition for determining approaches to therapy is the patient’s clinical condition. A professional will, first of all, focus on these conditions.
By price and budget
The second most important criterion. In dentistry, one problem can be solved in several ways. From those presented, the client can choose the option that is suitable in terms of cost, time and other criteria. This indicator also depends on what the dentures are made of.
By service life
The quality of the components used directly affects the wearing comfort and durability of the products. This factor should be taken into account when choosing an affordable option. The criterion must be on the same level as the price determination.
With complete or partial edentia
This criterion applies to diagnostics according to indications. Because the different conditions of the oral cavity and gums determine the possible destinations. A complete absence of masticatory organs requires one approach, a partial absence requires another.
On the upper or lower jaw
Different anatomical functions make adjustments to dental procedures. The doctor must take this factor into account when selecting a variety of suitable solutions.
Timing of prosthetics
It is impossible to talk about the exact timing of the installation of dentures: it depends on the type of prosthetics and the need to take a break between the main stages of dentures.
Regardless of the intended type of prosthetics - removable or fixed - the design is made by a dental technician in the laboratory using previously made impressions of the patient. Before placing the prosthesis in place, the patient will have to visit the doctor at least three times. At the first examination, you need to diagnose, prescribe treatment if necessary, and make an impression. At the following appointments, the prostheses are fitted and adjusted.
More time will be needed when installing implants, because it is necessary for the artificial root to take root, after which only a permanent crown can be installed. This can take from three to four months to six months.
How to choose a good doctor
Finding a doctor who will restore chewing functions is a responsible task. The qualifications of a specialist directly affect the quality of the work performed, the durability of the structure and the impressions after visiting the doctor. A doctor must combine a master of his craft and a good psychologist in one person. Many people are afraid to go to the dentist, so to create a comfortable environment for the patient, the dentist must be friendly, not fuss, and explain the stages of work. Then your visit will leave only pleasant impressions.
A professional must know: how they are made, from what material removable and permanent dentures are made, and understand the types of fasteners with classification.
The most proven way to find a dentist is to collect reviews from friends. You can also use comments about specialists and clinics involved in bite correction from the Internet. For many years, the Dentika dental center has received only positive reviews from its visitors. The main goal is to make the reception pleasant, high-quality, person-oriented with a mandatory personal approach (to bring joy and health to every patient who comes to us).
At your appointment, you can ask the doctor to show all types of modern materials for high-quality complete dental prosthetics.
